Add a caption. Unbeknownst to Sherman, Grant abandoned his advance, and Sherman's river expedition met more resistance than expected. American soldier, businessman, educator and author. Date of Birth - Death February 8, 1820 - February 14, 1891. He was still [182], Four days later, Sherman issued his Special Field Orders, No. "[272] He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in St. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." [53], Sherman's San Francisco branch closed in May 1857, and he relocated to New York City on behalf of the same bank, travelling on the steamer SS Central America. He was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8, 1820. "[50], The failure of Page, Bacon & Co. triggered a panic surrounding the "Black Friday" of February 23, 1855, leading to the closure of several of San Francisco's principal banks and many other businesses. [292] This led to the publication of several works, notably John B. Walters's Merchant of Terror: General Sherman and Total War (1973),[293] that presented Sherman as responsible for "a mode of warfare which transgressed all ethical rules and showed an utter disregard for human rights and dignity. [162] This precipitated a deep and long-lasting enmity between Sherman and Stanton, and it intensified Sherman's disdain for politicians. . Civil war-era biographies that can double as doorstops seem to be in vogue again. In February 1864, he commanded an expedition to Meridian, Mississippi, intended to disrupt Confederate infrastructure and communications. [140] At the end of this campaign, known as Sherman's March to the Sea, his troops took Savannah on December 21, 1864. [146], While in Savannah, Sherman learned from a newspaper that his infant son Charles Celestine had died during the Savannah campaign; the general had never seen the child. On April 20, Sherman dispatched a memorandum with those terms to the government in Washington. [296], The influential literary critic Edmund Wilson found in Sherman's Memoirs a fascinating and disturbing account of an "appetite for warfare" that "grows as it feeds on the South". He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. He was the sixth of eleven children born to Judge Charles and Mary Hoyt Sherman. [295] More recently, historians such as Brian Holden-Reid have challenged such readings of Sherman's record and of his contributions to modern warfare. William Tecumseh (W.T.) [282] In 1888, Sherman wrote publicly that "my immediate family are strongly Catholic. In maneuver warfare, a commander seeks to defeat the enemy on the battleground through shock, disruption, and surprise, while minimizing frontal attacks on well-defended positions. Sherman's efforts in that position were focused on protecting the main wagon roads, such as the Oregon, Bozeman, and Santa Fe Trails. Learn more about possible network issues or contact support for more help. (Microfilm Edition) University of Notre Dame Descriptive information at http://archives.nd.edu/findaids/ead/html/shr.htm William Tecumseh Sherman (1820 -1891) was one of the most prominent of the Union's Civil War generals and for many years thereafter Commanding General of the Army. After his father's death, the nine-year-old Sherman was raised by a Lancaster neighbor and family friend, attorney Thomas Ewing, a prominent member of the Whig Party who served as senator from Ohio and as the first Secretary of the Interior. in New York City, New York, USA, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: William Tecumseh SHERMAN (1820), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. Evarts, the polished, urbane, witty New Yorker; George Hoar, the sharp, petulant, bright, nagging New Englander; John Sherman, the unostentatious, but persistent Westerner. The Sherman House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Civil War Preservation Trail and has been a memorial to the family since 1951. [33] Sherman and Halleck lived in a house in Monterey, now known as the "Sherman Quarters", from 1847 to 1849. in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States, Died on February 14, 1891 In his memoirs, Sherman would later write that he saw that new assignment as breaking a promise by President Lincoln that he would not be given such a prominent leadership position. In one amusing change to his text, Sherman dropped the assertion that, A "third edition, revised and corrected" of Sherman's memoirs was put out in 1890 by, According to Victor Davis Hanson, "In the eyes of Lewis and Liddell Hart, Sherman was a great man, who is judged on what he did and not on what he wrote: he saved lives and shortened the war; and he used military science to teach his nation what war is ultimately for. [15] However, Lloyd Lewis's 1932 biography claimed that Sherman was originally named only "Tecumseh" and that he acquired the name "William" at the age of nine or ten, when he was baptized as a Catholic at the behest of his foster family. Born William Tecumseh SHERMAN American soldier, businessman, educator and author Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States Died on February 14, 1891 in New York City, New York, USA Born on February 08 50 Deceased on February 14 32 Family tree Report an error Sherman Daniel 1721 - 1799 Taylor Mindwell 1720 - 1798 Stoddard Here's how General Sherman got its name(s)", "The Religion of William Tecumseh Sherman", The Destructive War: William Tecumseh Sherman, Stonewall Jackson, and the Americans, Patriotic Gore: Studies in the Literature of the American Civil War, Works by or about William Tecumseh Sherman, Military orders of General William T. Sherman, 1861'65, William T. Sherman Family Papers: 18081959, List of Union Civil War monuments and memorials, List of memorials to the Grand Army of the Republic, Confederate artworks in the United States Capitol, List of Confederate monuments and memorials, Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials. Charles Robert Sherman, was 31 and his mother, Mary Elizabeth Hoyt, was 32. [145] According to a war-time account, it was around this time that Sherman made his memorable declaration of loyalty to Grant: General Grant is a great general. Like Grant, he was born in Ohio. When comparing Sherman's scorched-earth campaigns to the actions of the British Army during the Second Boer War (18991902) another war in which civilians were targeted because of their central role in sustaining a belligerent power South African historian Hermann Giliomee claims that it "looks as if Sherman struck a better balance than the British commanders between severity and restraint in taking actions proportional to legitimate needs". [55], In 1859, Sherman accepted a job as the first superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy in Pineville, Louisiana, a position he sought at the suggestion of Major Don Carlos Buell and obtained through the support of General George Mason Graham. Sherman was fond of the Ewings' eldest daughter, Ellen, and frequently corresponded with her while at West Point. . [136][137] Sherman left forces under Maj. Gens. [267] President Benjamin Harrison, who served under Sherman, sent a telegram to Sherman's family and ordered all national flags to be flown at half staff. [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. Union Army - U.S. Civil War. It was a bitterly cold day and a friend of Johnston, fearing that the general might become ill, asked him to put on his hat. posed that the Sherman stamp be is-sued only if the federal government promised to pay for the devastation the Northern commander had heaped on the Peach State in 1864.1 Thus, although three-quarters of a century had elapsed since those fate-ful Civil War days, the South had maintained a deep-seated hatred for William T. Sherman. Louis. A neighbour and family friend, Thomas Ewing, brought up Sherman. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. the Sherman family papers are deposited at the University . 15. [244][245] During this time, Sherman also reorganized the U.S. Army forts to better accommodate the shifting frontier. When Sherman reached the age of sixteen, Ewing secured Sherman an . [31][32], Sherman and Ord disembarked in Monterey, California on January 28, 1847, two days before the town of Yerba Buena acquired the new name of "San Francisco". Sherman later married his foster sister, Ellen Ewing, and the couple had eight children. American Civil War, Mexican-American War, War of 1812, American soldier, businessman, educator and author, Born on Tuesday, February 8, 1820 Sherman wrote both to his brother, Senator John Sherman, and to General Grant vehemently repudiating any such promotion. Local Native American Lumbee guides helped Sherman's army cross the Lumber River, which was flooded by torrential rains, into North Carolina. "[294] Following Walters, James Reston Jr. argued in 1984 that Sherman had planted the "seed for the Agent Orange and Agent Blue programs of food deprivation in Vietnam". His father Charles Robert Sherman, a successful lawyer who sat on the Ohio Supreme Court, died unexpectedly in 1829. [13], Sherman's older brother Charles Taylor Sherman became a federal judge. [43], Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. On April 9, Sherman relayed to his troops the news that Lee had surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House and that the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia had ceased to exist. After World War II, the Nuremberg Charter defined war crimes as . "Yes," Grant replied, puffing on his cigar. Born on February 08, 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, USA , United States. [26], Upon graduation in 1840, Sherman entered the army as a second lieutenant in the 3rd U.S. Sherman, William Tecumseh (1820-1891), Civil War general and commanding general of the U.S. Army.Born in Lancaster, Ohio, the sixth child of Charles R. and Mary Hoyt Sherman, Sherman was named for the Shawnee Indian leader Tecumseh. [169][170][171] Throughout the Civil War, Sherman declined to employ black troops in his armies.[172][173]. Sherman commanded a brigade of volunteers at the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861 before being transferred to the Western Theater. Judge Taylor Sherman's family remained in Norwalk till 1815, when his death led to the emigration of the remainder of the family, viz., of Uncle Daniel Sherman, who settled at Monroeville, Ohio, as a farmer, where he lived and died quite recently, leaving children and grandchildren; and an aunt, Betsey, who married Judge Parker, of Mansfield . [192] Liddell Hart's views on the historical significance of Sherman have since been discussed and, to varying extents, defended by subsequent military scholars such as Jay Luvaas,[193] Victor Davis Hanson,[194] and Brian Holden-Reid. As Sherman himself once noted, his unusual middle name came from his father's "fancy for the great chief of the Shawnees, Tecumseh," who headed a confederacy of Native American tribes in Ohio. [271] Former U.S. president and Civil War veteran Rutherford B. Hayes, who attended both ceremonies, said at the time that Sherman had been "the most interesting and original character in the world. William M Biss 1825 - 1901. Senator John Sherman (his younger brother and a political ally of President Lincoln) and other connections in Washington helped him to obtain a commission. "[71] In May, however, he offered himself for service in the regular Army. 1869-1934) Susan Denman Sherman (b. Oct. 10, 1825-Jan. 10, 1876) Married: second wife of Thomas Wells Bartley, Nov. 7, 1848 Republican Governor Daniel Henry Chamberlain appealed to President Grant for military assistance. [232], Sherman regarded the expansion of the railroad system "as the most important element now in progress to facilitate the military interests of our Frontier". When Grant became President of the United States in March 1869, Sherman succeeded him as Commanding General of the Army. Not long before his death, General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) told an interviewer: "My family is strongly Roman Catholic. [54][b] Later in 1858, he moved to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he worked as the office manager of the law firm established by his brothers-in-law Hugh Ewing and Thomas Ewing Jr. Sherman obtained a license to practice law, despite not having studied for the bar, but he met with little success as a lawyer. Their second-oldest daughter Mary Elizabeth Sherman (a.k.a., "Lizzie") is buried to the left. At the insistence of Johnston, Confederate president Jefferson Davis, and Confederate Secretary of War John C. Breckinridge, Sherman conditionally agreed to generous terms that dealt with both military and political issues. [85] His problems were compounded when the Cincinnati Commercial described him as "insane". "[78], The outcome at Bull Run caused Sherman to question his own judgment as an officer and the capabilities of his volunteer troops. [243], Much of Sherman's time as Commanding General was devoted to making the Western and Plains states safe for settlement through the continuation of the Indian Wars, which included three significant campaigns: the Modoc War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War. [80], Having succeeded Anderson at Louisville, Sherman now had principal military responsibility for Kentucky, a border state in which the Confederates held Columbus and Bowling Green, and were also present near the Cumberland Gap. William Tecumseh Sherman, was born February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. [57] Colonel Joseph P. Taylor, brother of the late President Zachary Taylor, declared that "if you had hunted the whole Army, from one end of it to the other, you could not have found a man in it more admirably suited for the position in every respect than Sherman."[58]. Senator from Ohio [1830-1836] and later a member of the cabinet under four U.S. Presidents, William Henry . According to Liddell Hart, this strategy was most clearly illustrated by Sherman's series of turning movements against Johnston during the Atlanta campaign. But behind all these mannerisms we see the Sherman imprint upon the mind of each. Sherman expressed grave concerns about the North's poor state of preparedness for the looming civil war, but he found Lincoln unresponsive. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. [77] Holden-Reid also concluded that Sherman "might have been as unseasoned as the men he commanded, but he had not fallen prey to the nave illusions nursed by so many on the field of First Bull Run. [183][184] Those orders, which became the basis of the claim that the Union government had promised freed slaves "forty acres and a mule", were revoked later that year by President Johnson. He is perhaps the most eccentric general of the Civil War. Grant, the previous commander of the District of Cairo, had just won a major victory at Fort Henry and been given command of the ill-defined District of West Tennessee. He was stationed in Kentucky, where his pessimism about the outlook of the war led to a breakdown that required him to be briefly put on leave. William H. Warner in surveying the new city of Sacramento, laying its street grid in 1848. Frederick Douglass, Ulysses S. Grant, and now William T. Sherman, the Union's second most famous general and, arguably, its first modern one. Philemon Tecumseh (1867-1941) California Registered Historic Landmark plaque at the location in Jackson Square, San Francisco, of the branch of the Bank of Lucas, Turner & Co. that Sherman directed from 1853 to 1857 Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. "[283] Upon Sherman's death, his son Thomas publicly declared: "My father was baptized in the Catholic Church, married in the Catholic Church, and attended the Catholic Church until the outbreak of the civil war. William Tecumseh Sherman was born 8 February 1820 in Lancaster, Ohio, into a family of eleven. One of 11 children, Sherman was born to a prominent family in Lancaster . Sherman was regarded as one of the most competent and effective military leaders of the Union army during the Civil War. After ordering almost all civilians to abandon the city in September, Sherman gave instructions that all military and government buildings in Atlanta be burned, although many private homes and shops were burned as well. [122] However, he enjoyed Grant's confidence and friendship. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. Artillery and saw action in Florida in the Second Seminole War. Grant may have had to intervene to save Sherman from dismissal for having overstepped his authority. "[125], Sherman proceeded to invade the state of Georgia with three armies: the 60,000-strong Army of the Cumberland under Thomas, the 25,000-strong Army of the Tennessee under James B. McPherson, and the 13,000-strong Army of the Ohio under John M. The publication of Sherman's memoirs sparked controversy and drew complaints from many quarters. Try refreshing the page. For further details about Sherman's banking career, see Dwight L. Clarke. In his Memoirs, Sherman commented on the political pressures of 18641865 to encourage the escape of slaves, in part to avoid the possibility that "able-bodied slaves will be called into the military service of the rebels". [95][96] In July, Grant's situation improved when Halleck left for the East to become general-in-chief. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tecumseh_Sherman&oldid=1152383236, American military personnel of the Indian Wars, Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees, Commanding Generals of the United States Army, Testifying witnesses of the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles prone to spam from December 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, William Tecumseh Jr. ("Willie") (18541863), Jenkins (19961999) (interim, 2004) (acting, 2008 and 2012), This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 22:39. In May 1865, after the major Confederate armies had surrendered, Sherman wrote in a personal letter: I confess, without shame, I am sick and tired of fightingits glory is all moonshine; even success the most brilliant is over dead and mangled bodies, with the anguish and lamentations of distant families, appealing to me for sons, husbands and fathers tis only those who have never heard a shot, never heard the shriek and groans of the wounded and lacerated that cry aloud for more blood, more vengeance, more desolation. "[216][217][218] Sherman himself stated that "[i]f I had made up my mind to burn Columbia I would have burnt it with no more feeling than I would a common prairie dog village; but I did not do it"[219] Sherman's official report on the burning placed the blame on Confederate lieutenant general Wade Hampton, who Sherman said had ordered the burning of cotton in the streets. Ancestor charts showing the family relationships of General William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891) to other famous people. Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. This new edition, published by Appleton, added a second preface, a chapter about his life up to 1846, a chapter concerning the post-war period (ending with his 1884 retirement from the army), several appendices, portraits, improved maps, and an index. [91], With a heavy rain coming down [at the end of the first day of fighting at Shiloh, Sherman] came upon Grant standing under a large oak tree, his cigar glowing in the darkness. It also dealt a major blow to the popularity of the Democratic presidential candidate, George B. McClellan, whose victory in the election had until then appeared likely to many, including Lincoln himself. [234] Sherman's views on Indian matters were often strongly expressed. [127] In July, the cautious Johnston was replaced by the more aggressive John Bell Hood, who played to Sherman's strength by challenging him to direct battles on open ground. Sherman served in that capacity from 1869 until 1883 and was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars. [25] About his time at West Point, Sherman says only the following in his Memoirs: At the Academy I was not considered a good soldier, for at no time was I selected for any office, but remained a private throughout the whole four years. [118], After Chattanooga, Sherman led a column to relieve Union forces under Ambrose Burnside thought to be in peril at Knoxville. [100], In December, Sherman's forces suffered a severe repulse at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, just north of Vicksburg. Sherman believed that bison eradication should be encouraged as a means of weakening Indian resistance to assimilation. The influential 20th-century British military historian and theorist B.H. Liddell Hart ranked Sherman as "the first modern general" and one of the most important strategists in the annals of war, along with Scipio Africanus, Belisarius, Napoleon Bonaparte, T.E. Lawrence, and Erwin Rommel. Sherman was distantly related to American founding father Roger Sherman and grew to admire him. "[255], One of Sherman's significant contributions as head of the Army was the establishment of the Command School (now the Command and General Staff College) at Fort Leavenworth[256] in 1881. An error has occured while loading the map. William Tecumseh Sherman, (born February 8, 1820, Lancaster, Ohio, U.S.died February 14, 1891, New York, New York), American Civil War general and a major architect of modern warfare. : Dear Tommy", "General William Tecumseh Sherman 1888, cast 1910", "The sculpture "Victory" fully restored, on display at the Memorial Amphitheater", "General William Tecumseh Sherman Statue", "Firefighters are girding Earth's biggest tree. [119][120] Sherman's army captured the city of Meridian on February 14 and proceeded to destroy 105 miles of railroad and 61 bridges, while burning at least 10 locomotives and 28 railcars. [248][i] Grant, who was president when Sherman's memoirs appeared, later remarked that others had told him that Sherman treated Grant unfairly but "when I finished the book, I found I approved every word; that it was a true book, an honorable book, creditable to Sherman, just to his companionsto myself particularly sojust such a book as I expected Sherman would write."[251]. [305] Sherman is represented astride his horse Ontario and led by a winged female figure of Victory. Sherman House Museum in Lancaster, Ohio, is the birthplace of General William Tecumseh Sherman, his younger brother U.S. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for William Tecumseh Sherman -A Family Chronicle - Laura Kerr -Signed By Author 1984 at the best online prices at eBay! He told Grant that, if he remained in the army, "some happy accident might restore you to favor and your true place". He lived in Texas, United States in 1870 and Justice Precinct 3, Shackelford, Texas, United States in 1880. [93] At Shiloh, Sherman was wounded twicein the hand and shoulderand had three horses shot out from under him. According to Lewis's account, which was repeated by later authors, Sherman was baptized in the Ewing home by a Dominican priest who found the pagan name "Tecumseh" unsuitable and instead named the child "William" after the saint on whose feast day the baptism took place. Person. By Himself, published by D. Appleton & Company in two volumes, began with the year 1846 (when the Mexican War began) and ended with a chapter about the "military lessons of the [civil] war". Following the 1866 Fetterman Massacre, in which 81 U.S. soldiers were ambushed and killed by Native American warriors, Sherman telegraphed Grant that "we must act with vindictive earnestness against the Sioux, even to their extermination, men, women and children. His father was a wealthy lawyer who worked on Ohio's Supreme Court. [237], Displacement of the Plains Indians was facilitated by the growth of the railroads and the eradication of the bison. [132] The capture of Atlanta made Sherman a household name and was decisive in ensuring Lincoln's re-election in November. Sheridan used hard-war tactics similar to those he and Sherman had employed in the Civil War. Brother of Charles Taylor Sherman, Mary Elizabeth (Sherman) Reese, James Sherman, Amelia (Sherman) McComb, Julia Ann (Sherman) Willock, Lampson Parker Sherman, John H. Sherman, Susan Denman (Sherman) Bartley, Hoyt Sherman and Frances Beecher (Sherman) Moulton William Tecumseh Sherman, c. 1860-65. Shortly after the Union forces occupied Corinth on May 30, Sherman persuaded Grant not to resign from his command, despite the serious difficulties he was having with Halleck. [112], After the surrender of Vicksburg and the re-capture of Jackson, Sherman was given the rank of brigadier general in the regular army, in addition to his rank as a major general of volunteers. Sherman was distantly related to US founding father Roger Sherman. Reported! When William Tecumseh Sherman Jr. was born on 8 June 1854, in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States, his father, Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman, was 34 and his mother, Eleanor Boyle Ewing, was 29. Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio, on February 8, 1820. In fact, Sherman's first command was a brigade of three-month volunteers who fought in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, 1861. "[92], Despite being caught unprepared by the attack, Sherman rallied his division and conducted an orderly, fighting retreat that helped avert a disastrous Union rout. Saved. Before the Civil War, however, the more conservative William T. had expressed some sympathy for the white Southerners' defense of their traditional agrarian system, including the institution of slavery. William Tecumseh Sherman had a lot in common with Ulysses S. Grant. When Sherman's train passed Collierville it came under attack by 3,000 Confederate cavalry and eight guns under James Ronald Chalmers. Another younger brother, Hoyt Sherman, was a successful banker. Still, if he muffed his Vicksburg assignment, which had begun unfavorably, he would rise no higher. The site was chosen because Sherman was reported to have stood there while reviewing returning Civil War troops in May 1865. Sherman to Grant, May 28, 1867, quoted in Fellman, Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy, campaign to capture the city of Vicksburg, Commanding General of the United States Army, General William Tecumseh Sherman Monument, "An Unspoken Address to the Loyal Legion", List of American Civil War generals (Union), The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, "Madness, Genius, & Sherman's Ruthless March", "Survey Report: Raised Streets & Hollow Sidewalks, Sacramento, California", "Family Trees of the Interconnected Sherman and Ewing Families", "Department of Military Science: Unit History", "15th Regiment Cavalry Pennsylvania Volunteers: The Fifteenth at General Joe Johnston's Surrender", "Minutes of an interview between the colored ministers and church officers at Savannah with the Secretary of War and Major-Gen. Sherman", "Order by the Commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi: Special Field Orders, No. Sherman then became the military governor of occupied Memphis. Grave. Mother of Elizabeth Reese Miller; Julia Willock Huggins; Margaret McComb; Robert Sherman McComb; Hoyt . At the White House, Sherman met with Abraham Lincoln a few days after his inauguration as president of the United States. [109] During the long and complicated maneuvers against Vicksburg, one newspaper complained that the "army was being ruined in mud-turtle expeditions, under the leadership of a drunkard [Grant], whose confidential adviser [Sherman] was a lunatic". The massive Confederate attack on the morning of April 6, 1862, took most of the senior Union commanders by surprise. [231] In 1871, Sherman ordered that the leaders of the Warren Wagon Train Raid, an attack by a Kiowa and Comanche war party from which Sherman himself had narrowly escaped, be tried for murder in Jacksboro, Texas. This country will be drenched in blood, and God only knows how it will end. [287] At the same time, he was generally respected in the South as a military man, while his conservative politics were attractive to many white Southerners.
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