It carried workers and materials for the dam, as well as tourists, postage and other amenities. o 1911, Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York destroyed by a terrible fire. Many progressives considered the elimination of alcohol from American life a necessary step in restoring order to society. The inadequacy of the citys existing water supply came into sharp focus. San Franciscos water system could not adequately serve its growing population, and the dam presented a solution. Photo: Herbert W. Gleason courtesy of the Sierra Club. Now San Francisco wanted to dam one of the two principal watersheds in the park, the Hetch Hetchy valley through which ran the Tuolumne River, to create a reservoir for its water supply. Which statement about education in the late nineteenth century is FALSE? o Some did not agree with a restriction on immigration: employers (immigrants = cheap labor), immigrants themselves, and their political representatives. ~ The establishment of the Civilian Conservation Corps ~ The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority ~ The onset of the Dust Bowl b. First American Woman to earn Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 as president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. WWI dramatically weakened the socialists. . be called after a sufficient number of citizens had signed a petition. Once the glaciers retreated, tributaries leading into the main river were left hanging hundreds or thousands of feet above the valley floor, creating the beautiful waterfalls we know today. Prominent sponsors of the dam proposal, particularly (by then former) Mayor James Phelan and city engineer Marsdon Manson (and later his successor, Michael OShaughnessy), quietly lobbied key figures in the government, trusting that the appeal of municipal water and power would easily win supporters amid the prevailing progressive political climate. Should natural resources be used to serve the greatest good for the greatest number? City Manager Plan: elected officials hired an outside expertoften a professionally trained business They formed an alliance around the belief that natural places like Lake McDonald were important enough for the federal government to permanently ownand manage. Second, dams slow rivers. Why did voter turnout decline in the early twentieth century? By 1908, a different Interior Secretary, James R. Garfield, sided with the utilitarian conservationists and issued a permit for the Hetch Hetchy project. Others felt it was a threat to freedom. Called for arbitration between the groups. Hetch Hetchy is on the main stem of the Tuolumne River and is part of the Tuolumne watershed. It spans 900 feet (270 m) with a 17-foot (5.2 m) wide trail across the top that hikers use to cross to the opposite side. Were they successful? A Century Later, the Battle for Hetch Hetchy Continues Who was Jane Addams? On a national stage, Hetch Hetchy became caught in the cross fire between the interests of private utilities ownership and those of municipal ownership. In the autumn of 1871, John Muir visited Hetch Hetchy for the first time. When Taft lost progressive support in 1909, Roosevelt refused to back Taft in the election of 1912, so Roosevelt and his supporters set up the Progressive Party, called the Bull Moose Party with Roosevelt as their candidate. When changes are made there are unintended consequences. Level. Hetch Hetchy Valley: The federal government allowed the city of San Francisco to build a dam here in 1913. Right next to the Lucky Buck Cafe, youll find the Yosemite Westgate Lodge and Buck Meadows Lodge. Why did women's suffrage seem such a radical demand during progressive time? In the sum of American economic expansion the intrusion might have seemed a minor, obscure matter, but to [John] Muir immense issues were involved: why had the nation preserved that pure wildness in the first place? No picture of the giant sequoia trees in Yosemite National Park manages to fully capture their immense size and majesty. both A and B Some clubs were important in winning passage of state (and ultimately federal) laws that regulated the food and drug industries, reformed policies with Native Americans, urban housing, manufacture and sale of alcohol, child labor laws, women's pensions. o Creation of a commission to regulate public utilities. These clean and comfortable rooms also enjoy access to the pool, spa and other facilities at Yosemite Westgate Lodge. How did the following contribute to the reform effort? San Francisco assumed from the outset that there would not be significant opposition to using the Hetch Hetchy Valley, even if it was in a national park, for the high and noble purpose of providing water to one of the nations great and growing metropolises, so their efforts in Washington, DC, were conducted discreetly. Would that be an improvement? Do you feel that this is still the thinking of our current society? How did this affect other professions? A full breakfast is served in the dining room. But Hetch Hetchy was a federally protected as part of Yosemite National Park. The fundamental issue involved two concepts. It involved the unintended consequences of efforts to shape the environment to meet human needs. The Hetch Hetchy Controversy, 1903-13: Additional Resources in the Describe the founding of the NAACP. The larger issues at stake would frame environmental debates for years to come. The law imposed a heavy tax on products of child labor. In 1909, Taft's popularity with reformers was destroyed for good. The deciding factor was whether or not the land in question had access to water. The glacially-carved U-shaped valley floor maximizes the amount of water stored in the reservoir. They respected each other, and acknowledged their shared appreciation for the natural world. less demanding Were they successful? In these magazines he articulated the diverse system that we now understand as public lands, a system that combines the preservation of national parks like Yosemite with a system of forests, protected by the federal government but open to every Americans use. By 1919,how many states had granted women the right to vote? Preservationists led by John Muir and the Sierra Club argued that the valley should be protected against human. The gently rolling terrain has excellent views of the water and eye-catching Kolana Rock, which towers roughly 2,000 feet above. o Recall: gave voters the right to remove a public official from office at a special electioncould Gifford Pinchot: A 2021 Lesson From Americas First Forester, Meet The Real Life Batman & Robin Of The National Parks, Natural Rivals: John Muir, Gifford Pinchot, and the Creation of Americas Public Lands, Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism, Son of the Wilderness: The Life of John Muir, 10 EPIC Things to Do at Pinnacles National Park (Expert Guide) 2023, 25 MUST-SEE California Landmarks (Expert Guide + Photos). It became a powerful movement within American Protestantism. You can expect one (short) email per week. Roosevelt's conservation deal meant working with the big logging companies, not the small, independent ones. Bierstadts paintings and Muirs writings began to publicize the beauty of the Hetch Hetchy Valley. Morgan organized a team of bank and trust executives. That trip is a 19.1-mile (22.9 km) out and back, or you can turn the hike into a loop that returns past Rancheria Falls (28.2 miles, 45.4 km). Round percent to hundredths. At full capacity, the reservoir stretches eight miles (13 km) upstream of the OShaughnessy Dam. But during peak spring flow, the thundering waterfall can wash over the bridge making it dangerous to cross. Within the ranks of the Sierra Club, there was a split between those San Francisco members who favored the dams municipal use versus those who believed this pristine area should not be tampered with under any circumstances. APUSH Chapter 22 Flashcards | Quizlet him was beyond question. o Secret ballot emergency exits to prevent workers from leaving "unjustly". Their distinct skills and conflicting views proved complementary, helping define the diversity of the American public lands system. o Election of the mayor nonpartisan injustices. For all the similarities between Hetch Hetchy Valley and Yosemite Valley, there is one enormous difference the Hetch Hetchy reservoir. o New scholarly theories argued that the immigrants were polluting the nation's racial stock. Not to be outdone by Los Angeles, San Francisco had a greater feat in mind: dam the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park and pipe the water into San Francisco. Learn what to expect from Mirror Lake in various seasons. Guests at these suites receive breakfast on their patios. Belief in the influence of the environment on individual development. Hetch Hetchy was a spectacular high-walled valley within Yosemite National Park. Subsequent proposals for development in our national parks have been defeated by citizen activists inspired by calls to remember Hetch Hetchy. (Source: American Rivers, How Dams Damage Rivers). To bring relief to the situation, United States Secretary of the Treasury George B. Cortelyou ponied up $35 million of Federal money to quell the storm. Nevertheless, some women, the new middle-class did enter professional careers. Utilizing its superior resources, the city produced a detailed report which made a compelling case that, far from damaging the beauty of Yosemite, the dam would actually enhance it. Had it been, the Sierra Clubs members would have presented a united front in opposition to its development. Residents from San Francisco, however, wanted to use the territory to get water for their growing population. It carried workers and materials for the dam, as well as tourists, postage and other amenities. The Hetch Hetchy Controversy, 1903-13 Additional Resources in the Library of Congress The Library of Congress's General Collections include many materials related to the Hetch Hetchy controversy: books, pamphlets, and government documents. You might as well deface the world's great cathedrals, he said, "for no holier temple has ever been consecrated by the heart of man." The issue was decided in December 1913, when Woodrow Wilson signed the Raker Bill into law, authorizing the dam's construction. Rancheria Falls itself is a series of whitewater cascades that crashes through a narrow canyon on its way to the reservoir. Hetch Hetchy was the first major battle of the environmental movement. Muir famously said, Dam Hetch Hetchy! fight of progressivists against corporations to preserve Hetch Hetchy Dam as a nationaly wilderness park: Term. o Social work As we learned from Rachel Carsons Silent Spring, humankind can damage the environment while attempting to control it. And today there is even an organization, Restore Hetch Hetchy, which is committed to doing just that. Between 1908 and 1913, Congress debated whether to make a water resource available or preserve a wilderness when the growing city of San Francisco, California proposed building a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley to provide a steady water supply. By 1919, 39 states had granted women the right to vote in at least some elections. Muir would die just over a year later, and many would define Hetch Hetchy as the tragic climax of his life. This, a system joining preservation with conservation, was the result of his alliance with Pinchot. Jane Addams was an important social worker. Building the Hetch Hetchy dam in such a remote location was an enormous project. By the turn of the century, many turned their attention to the government (especially urban political machines). Today, the National Park and U.S. Forest Service embody the legacy of Muir and Pinchots alliance. Recall: Initiative and Referendum Was he a good choice? Five country-chic rooms in the main building include en suite bathrooms, free WiFi and electric fireplaces. o Populists proposed two important changes in the 1890s They suggest that draining the reservoir and turning Hetch Hetchy Valley into a tourist center similar to Yosemite Valley could be worth up to $178 million per year. Years before Hetch Hetchy, the two men were friends. What reform issues did Wilson not support? Second, the sanctity of the national parks which they believed should not be violated. As he looked to more reforms, a divide between the president and conservative wing of his Environmentalists lost what was the opening battle in a fight to preserve Americas natural wonders.
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