All of the antiprotons created at Fermilab's Tevatron particle accelerator add up to only 15 nanograms. An antimatter weapon is a weapon which would use antimatter as a power source, a propellant or an explosive. The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. Which means we shouldnt exist, physicists are still unsure as to why were around. MathJax reference. You'll need a fair bit of antimatter, um, let's see 1 Mt is $4.1\times10^{15} J$ so the Tsar Bomba (in the tested config) at $42MT = 1.72 \times10^{17} J$ The Tsar Bomba is the worlds most powerful nuclear weapon it was developed by Russia and has the explosive force of all the explosives that went off during world war two times 10. Something less than 7g to kill every human. radiation - Antimatter bomb - Physics Stack Exchange This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. [1] By way of comparison, the cost of the Manhattan Project (to produce the first atomic bomb) is estimated at US$23 billion in 2007 prices. Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. Expensive? (On a much bigger scale to be sure -- it's not a good thing to have around the neighborhood.). Catch up with The Loop, Jock Zonfrillo remembered as an 'incredible chef' and influential member of Australia's culinary landscape, 'Until we meet in heaven': Maryborough community comes to grips with triple fatality as loved ones remembered, Perfect storm brewing for housing market and it could make buying your own home a pipedream, Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower, Clare desperately wanted to stop drinking but she couldn't make it stick. You can also compare energy generated from different reactions with respect to the mass of TNT using our energy conversion calculator. which is equivalent to In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. Privacy Policy. Speed it up enormously 3. Check your math. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? What does 'They're at four. Indeed this is a polar-explosion (1 gamma to one side and the other to opposite side). So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. Antimatter - Wikipedia If you have an absurdly large fireball it will tend to spread more upwards (less pressure, longer mean-free path) and send a big plasma cloud up - bad from an electromagnetic pulse, ozone layer and IR energy igniting stuff perspective. Today, it takes nearly a year for an unmanned spacecraft to reach Mars. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. But that would miss all the boats, planes and submarines crowding their primitive buoyancy based transportation lanes. This calculator and the accompanying article will explain what explosion radius is and how to calculate blast radius. The recipe they use at CERN's Antimatter Factory to achieve this feat is: 1. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. Anti Matter Energy Calculator. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 04:10. Would it level the building? When antimatter collides with matter it can end up creating the largest explosion in human history. As we learned in real estate, location, location, location. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. The approximate radiant heat energy released during 3-phase, 600V, 100kA, Conventional bombs yield from less than one ton to, A real 0.454-kiloton-of-TNT (1.90TJ) charge at. For Starship, using B9 and later, how will separation work if the Hydrualic Power Units are no longer needed for the TVC System? Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. All the galaxies, the clusters of galaxies, the stars, the planets, us. Blast Radius Calculator Let's estimate the safety distance for the detonation of bare exposed 0.5kg0.5~\mathrm{kg}0.5kg of TNT. After a bit of number crunching that means agram of antiprotonantimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. However small scale antimatter weapons are much more affordable, as I mentioned earlier you can create a bullet with a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter in it for only $600,000. There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. $10^{32}J$ is simply the gravitational binding energy of the planet. When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. A city entirely? Why is this antimatter issue a big problem for the Big Bang? If you absolutely, positively need to sterilize the surface, you must blast it from orbit. And yet, a piece of fruit makes antimatter too. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. What's happening is that the heat produce by the initial reaction with the surface of the chunk of sodium boils the water around it and drastically slows down the reaction. Would it be imperceptible? rev2023.5.1.43405. What actually happens when an anti-matter projectile collides with matter? barrels of oil. physics - Would one atom of antimatter be lethal if annihilated inside The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. Under controlled conditions one kilogram of TNT can destroy (or even obliterate) a small vehicle. Remove a chunk from a planet? At least when you think in other literature, something that could fit in your hand could destroy literally an entire country. Unlike Big Bang speculation, these measurements, which are testable and repeatable, were real science. However that would require a lot more than 10kg. Can antimatter projectiles work as disintegration weapons? Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? For a fragmenting munition where public access is possible, the TNT explosion radius, DDD, is: This distance is different for the bare explosives. And yet, there is very little antimatter in the universeso its been a known problem for many years. But other than this probably being impossible, it may just start the race for the antimatter bomb. Approximately 10 grams of antiprotons would be enough fuel to send a manned spacecraft to Mars in one month. That gives you a nice $1,200 km^2$ blast incineration area. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. [2] Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~91013 joules. The team can create thousands of antihydrogen atoms in only a second but the trap barely catches any. [5], Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion proposes the use of antimatter as a "trigger"[6] to initiate small nuclear explosions; the explosions provide thrust to a spacecraft. The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the. So, what's their working theory as to why our evil antimatter twins didn't just cancel everything out, long ago? You might still miss a submarine or two, but without space launch capabilities, zero industrial capacity, and an all-male crew, you're set anyway. Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. It uses a magnet to keep antimatter on the inside from interacting with the walls of the trap and exploding. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. Although submission of USGS form 9-4040-A is not mandatory, IME recommends that applicable mining operations submit the form to keep U.S. antiproliferation authorities informed. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? There's no way $10^{32} / 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, much less $10^{32} \times 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, no matter where you place any 1.72 multiplicative factor. They dont allow anything to shake their commitment to the Big Bang story, even the conclusion that our universe shouldnt exist if the Big Bang were true! The reaction of 1 kg of antimatter with 1 kg of matter would produce 1.8 10 17 J (180 petajoules) of energy (by the mass-energy equivalence formula, E=mc 2), or the rough equivalent of 43 megatons of TNT - slightly less than the yield of the 27,000 kg Tsar Bomba, the largest thermonuclear weapon ever detonated. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Currently we use fusion not antimatter, however whereas fusion only converts 1% of the fuels mass energy into thrust, antimatter can convert 40%. So far, so good. This sounds like a good thing at first, but it just means that antimatter weapons could be seen as more politically acceptable, and therefore more likely to be used in warfare. At least a trillion tons, probably an order of magnitude or so more when you account for noncentral location and dissipation loss. Therefore, just by doubling the distance, you'll be shielding yourself from significant exposure. This means that even if a supposed Big Bang could somehow create a universe, that universe would forever remain devoid of matter, unlike the actual universe in which we live. Taken shamelessly from my previous answer here. We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? This result eliminates one possible loophole that Big Bang cosmologists were hoping to exploit in an attempt to solve this longstanding problem with their model. Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets With careful planning, I expect less well less than 1 gram of antimatter would be needed to make this a bad day for the earth. However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. It actually produces one about every one hour and fifteen minutes. And if you're concerned that this work doesn't warrant fooling around with such a violently explosive anti-substance, Professor Doser says there's no need to worry. How many thermonuclear bombs needed to make a hole from the surface to the Mantle of a planet that is the same size as planet Earth? A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. In John Barnes' excellent Thousand Cultures series, the ultimate nasty weapon is the teleportation of antimatter into the atmosphere as a very fine dust spread over a large volume. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. These collisions produce precisely equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Check out 477 similar physics calculators, Social Media Time Alternatives Calculator. To some degree this is just like a normal nuclear explosion of the same yield. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? NASA have actually started planning to use antimatter spaceships to go to space. . thanks for the detailed answer! "We actually expect that the whole Universe since there was lots of energy around at the moment of the Big Bang should consist of equal amounts of matter and antimatter," Professor Doser says. The blast radius is merely an indicative number, and it is still UNSAFE to be anywhere close to the blast radius in a real-world scenario. ', referring to the nuclear power plant in Ignalina, mean? What about antimatter bombs? | New Scientist If you want to kill all humans on earth, you have a couple of options: According to this person 57 trillion annihilations at 30 cm gives you 1 rad of radiation. With about 100,000 ships out there, that's a lot of survivors. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.18410 12 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. Shortly after the supposed Big Bang, the universe would have been filled with extremely energetic photons. The approximate total yield of the super-eruption of the. For more information, please see our This convention intends to compare the destructiveness of an event with that of conventional explosive materials, of which TNT is a typical example, although other conventional explosives such as dynamite contain more energy. Ubuntu won't accept my choice of password. Right now, antimatter - with a price tag of about $62.5 trillion per gram - is the most expensive substance on the Earth. I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. The solar irradiance on Earth every second. The gammas then scatter of air molecules, transferring the energy into heat. In other words, antimatter planets, antimatter stars or antimatter galaxies could be a thing. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? 1 gram of TNT = 700 calories = 700*4.1868 joules. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. You'd think a Galaxy Class Starship would take a chunk out of a nearby planet by comparison. However as science progresses it may be affordable to make an antimatter bomb with significantly more power than a nuclear bomb. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. But because this claim is not based on any empirical science, its never been anything more than pure speculation. What could humans do to render the earth uninhabitable? Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. "You need 2,000 times more energy to make [anti-protons]," he says. $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. Now you can destroy all life on earth using only about 6E4 kg of antimatter, only 60 metric tons of the good stuff. The same process happens in the human body too, so we're all creating anti-electrons. The word "antimatter" is not even mentioned anywhere in your question. Bananas are made out of potassium-40 which produces positrons as it decays. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. Joules. Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.1841012 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). Learn how and when to remove this template message, Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion, "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons / Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", "Laser technique produces bevy of antimatter", "Details on antimatter triggered fusion bombs - NextBigFuture.com", "Angels & Demons: The Physics Behind The Movie (and The Book)", "Air Force pursuing antimatter weapons: Program was touted publicly, then came official gag order", Page discussing the possibility of using antimatter as a trigger for a thermonuclear explosion, Paper discussing the number of antiprotons required to ignite a thermonuclear weapon, Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments, Existential risk from artificial intelligence, Self-Indication Assumption Doomsday argument rebuttal, Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal, List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events, List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antimatter_weapon&oldid=1139434888, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from August 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2004, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 15 February 2023, at 03:22. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. The ton of TNT is a unit of energy defined by that convention to be 4.184 gigajoules, [1] which is the approximate energy released in the detonation of a metric ton (1,000 kilograms) of TNT. This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of explosions. Except the isochoric heat capacity of earth atmosphere is $C_v=.717kJ*kg^{-1}*K^{-1}$. "We want to study it to see why it's not here anymore and why the Universe isn't just empty.".
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