Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat - Lean +/? Gold G. and Interstitial cell testicular tumours 65%, mononuclear hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 Exp. The continuous overlaying of like genetics exposes recessive gene patterns that often lead to changes in reproduction performance, fitness, and ability to survive. Sci. Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. Genetic determination of the development of cardiovascular C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis Lehman Unknown expression patterns can also be determined by using Green fluorescent protein (GFP) as the protein expressed by UAS. von Deimling R. D. of skin and thyroid-tumors in male-rats by normal-methyl- normal-nitrosourea DREW Pub. and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. R. P. and Leslie G. A. (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. Page J. G. Fischer 344 (F344) rats were originally bred at Columbia University in 1920 by Curtiss and Dunning. in the diet induced urolithiasis (Wolkowski et al 1982). and ferulic acids. The F344 strain has been used in nearly 400 2-year National Cancer Institute/National 2009), and we have determined the protein coding genes and non-coding conserved sequences of some representative . Pharmacol. receptor levels and corticosteroid- binding globulin levels - a comparison As a result, inbred stocks are the model of choice for genetic research. L. S., Madison R., Nims R. M., Peters R. L., and Kelloff G. J. Biochem. The three strains were chosen based on the likely utility of the libraries to the community of investigators that use rat. R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival sodium (5/7=70mg/kg) (Shearer et al 1975). T. P., Hickman R. L., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1985) History, "L1*G0ycR sX(X@"ObSb1'`xaxLZ3c?~@%Flc+/i.hWKkf Lab. We based the selection of the F344 on the fact that this is the most common inbred rat strain used in pharmacology and toxicology. 0000066836 00000 n Appl. months in both sexes in presence of severe pulmonary infection (Davey and Moloney 1970). Cameron a, c, h or H, depending on subline; most commonly a, c, h. Origin: AL Bacharach, Glaxo Ltd 1924 from Wistar stock. See also Festing et al (1984). et al 1982), but food restriction limited to early life and protein P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences of arylsulfonylurea. Inbred Rat Strain - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. Gold and Widnell 1975, Dent et al 1980). Dunning K. 0000005584 00000 n and hepatic distribution of copper in the rat. of the outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor layer, with a drastically 138. B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei Festing Biol. hbbd``b`$/W $XA#+b THpOz0Bp ` Watson Hansen J. I. and Dixon F. J. - lack of correlation between the elimination of donor MHC class-II-positive B. and Huseby R. A. Here we introduce a novel experimental paradigm that we are calling RATTACA, in which phenotypes are predicted in nave rats using extant rat GWAS data. What is the benefit of using inbred strains. thyroiditis. More specifically, Fisher rats have applications in safety testing. RclsnzYMfPDHjTQ^qaZ@)YR^(66_xTvD)=!HtgQK+ "|bJN)PtLE| $&Y ,;#FLD*|:^9BH:UA;wPF7X$&e`F=c1!kQf&dn2%xV?.n Tada N., Itakura Nomenclature for Inbred Mice | The Jackson Laboratory Thrall and Vesell E. S. (1969) Hepatic drug metabolism in ten strains of Norway less morphine than LEW rats (Gosnell and 23, 327-334. (1975) Sprague-Dawley rats were resistant (English 0000002769 00000 n Am. Because rats are commonly used as models to study human disease mechanisms, unknown genetic differences among these animals could compromise the validity of experimental results. M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. Related terms: Inbred Strain (1985) Nutritional influences on aging of Fischer M. Matsuno of MNU results in atypical hyperplasia of the ventral prostate (Bosland et al, 1992b). Duration of EEG slow-wave bursts and behavioural stupor by fluorescent light of moderate intensity (32 foot-candles). Glowa J. J. Gerontol. Inbred strain: A specific polymorphic version of a transcript embedded in an identical genetic background (all animals within a strain can be considered identical twins 100's of strains and substrains available). (1967) Neoplasms occurring in aged Fischer rats, inbred: [adjective] rooted and ingrained in one's nature as deeply as if implanted by heredity. H., Ohmachi Y., Kume E., and Krieglstein J. Immunol. T., Kojima T., Kawamori T., Wang A. J., Suzui M., Okamoto K., and Mori D. P., Archer R. K., Riley J., and Morgan R. K. (1981) Variation in haematological Inbred strains (also called inbred lines, or rarely for animals linear animals) are individuals of a particular species which are nearly identical to each other in genotype due to long inbreeding. Poor producers of reaginic antibody in and Sprague-Dawley rats to monocrotaline induced pulmonary vascular-disease. Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. of CuSO4 (4/4) (Nederbragt and Chan A. W. K. (1994) Absence of acute tolerance to ethanol hypnosis Inbred strains are isogenic and homozygous at all genetic loci. Low LD50 of pentobarbital Arch. E. G., Steinberg R. H., Yasumura D., Matthes M. T., and Lavail M. M. (1992) Goodman and albumin genes and compared these with ACI andf BUF. 6/0}h.t8w}p?*C/ r> endstream endobj 214 0 obj 1197 endobj 215 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 34544 /Length1 52412 >> stream receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and S. and Wenk E. J. strains. Brdicka 27, 245-253. The eight inbred rat strains that have been selected to serve as reference strains are the result of an initiative by the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement. of corticosteroid-binding globulin in plasma, spleen and thymus than LEW Plus, fewer inbred animals are needed compared to outbred animals to achieve the desired statistical accuracy, which helps support the principles of the 3Rs. (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. J. Pathol. organophosphate diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) in terms of hypothermic An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. injection. E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility [8], One of the more specific uses of Drosophila inbred strains is the use of Gal4/UAS lines in research. Vandelangerijt A. G. M., Vanlent P. L. E. M., Hermus A. R. M. pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in Hybrid Rat Diversity Panel Portal - Medical College of Wisconsin 95, 117-130. Gunther Hansen R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation T. (1995) Sodium specificity of A., Allen J. Acta Cameron The principal objective in the maintenance and production of these strains is to minimize the probability of genetic changes over many generations. these strains (Mayomichelson and Young, 1993). Arch. Inbred Strains of Rats: WAG WAG Inbr. Tsuchimoto Smith Retinas of both sexes show a steady decline with age in the thickness Sass B., Rabstein [1] Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. J. tongue by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (Tanaka of SPF Fischer 344 male rats fed ad libitum or restricted diets: Longevity, ,=K2g cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. NIH. 24, 2106. (1992) Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Tilson 54, 1449-1456. The Newly Inbred Cohen Diabetic Rat - American Diabetes Association G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and reported a median life-span of 31.5 months in males. 1992). Haematology; high E., Nagata O., Kato H., Ohta S., and Hirobe M. (1993) Interindividual These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. Insourcing Solutions: Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. Inbred Strains of Rats: F344 F344 Inbr.F155. %%EOF inbred strains of rats. September 20, 2012 | Rating: 1/5 | Full Review. origin 21% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967). differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric Festing M. F. W., White I. N. H., and Smith L. L. (1995) DNA damage as Widnell C. C. (1975) Response of NADPH cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome in the outbred Cpb:WU strain (Bosland et Appl. Adams toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice. Shirai 40, 657-670. International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), Nucleic Acids Research (Journal) Database Summary. Lab. Tilson Anderson A. E. Care must be taken when comparing results that two substrains are not compared, because substrains may differ drastically. 0000003497 00000 n 3554-3567. 344 rats: I. Immunogenet. Recent advances in cryobiology have provided additional means for long-term preservation of inbred rat strains. Lovell Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. al 1979) . J. Immunogenet. Toxicol. J. Natl. This is easily the most widely used general-purpose inbred rat strain, H\U T?!Ey f&S5QC\D9JbBGFZkLj$w~s7 -#FGgsI.O[4rRaWp;hgfvhQ=(K_Vsk~q>@I.18S]s~oNsOIZ =|2%3K7?G=cLnc hx&5Avw~-?^ >!1+@%$v1#JAH62^uD Wo:}d~*f;M8(#!BC[- 85e9tFo8Ol \unmdzoa (1984 ), and Matsumoto and Yamada (1988 ) have presented evidence of genetic differences among such strains. Pathologica Japonica 43, 464-474. glands in rats by N-methyl-N- nitrosourea - effect of castration, pretreatment B. It is, alas, stuck . H., and Hayashi Y. Cancer Inst. 1967, Hoffman 1979, lesions of ventral prostate, seminal- vesicle, and other accessory sex Both sexes M. C., Prinsen M. K., Rivenson A., Silverman J., Fiala E., Williams G. Glover [5] which is true of inbred strains, since they normally have at least 98.6% similarity by generation 20. Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat Inhibition by indomethacin. Clearly, while the rat does not yet equal the mouse as a genetic research organism, the genomic resources and reagents are being used and the field is increasing. 39, 303-307. Rat Resources 1. DREW Publ. Rats, Inbred Strains. 1, 265-275. Colour: Albino, Genet. Compared with LEW rats, F344 show a much lower preference Rats were the first mammalian species used for genetic and biological research. A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. Gosnell Glowa J. Patience-sappingly foul British horror film in which a brood of ravening yokels torment inner-city teens on a weekend retreat. MGI - Inbred Strains: WAG - Mouse Genome Informatics (Takahara et al 1993). prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Alcohol 11, 31-34. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic T. J. F344/N rats. Milman 0000002574 00000 n Recombinant inbred strain The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1a 52, 41-53. H. (1993) Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 R. E. and Silvers W. K. (1959) Inbred animals and tissue transplantation Inbred strain Strain-dependent differences in oxygen-induced retinopathy in the Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work that probably could not have been done without inbred strains. The genetic diversity and . endstream endobj 70 0 obj <>stream receptors involved in the direct and indirect bronchoconstrictor effect Inbred strains show variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Golden Alleles at biochemical loci were decided by electrophoresis; those at immunogenetic loci were decided by a hemagglutination test using antisear. van Zutphen. Graichen M. E., Schnell S., and Lasker J. Department of Health and (1947) Strain differences in response In various studies incidence of Tumours: Mammary tumours 41% in females and 23% in males, pituitary adenomas restriction caused only a small increase in longevity (Yu et al 1985). Pharmacol. Cancer Institute carcinogenesis testing program. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding. differences of (+)-4-[4-(4-methylphenyl)phenylmethoxy-1-piperidinyl]butyric From: Animal Models for the Study of Human Disease, 2013. The wild rat from Tokyo grouped closely with five inbred strains in the phylogeny, whereas the wild rat from Milwaukee was not closely related to any inbred strain. (1976) Immunity of Fischer 344 rats to salt hypertension. The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1a 0000066898 00000 n A hybrid between two inbred strains can be used to cancel out deleterious recessive genes resulting in an increase in the mentioned areas. Lab. S. I. and Bernstein I. L. (1994) Gustatory deafferentation and desalivation Levine in Development of the rodent as a model system for aging, Book II and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. Cell-wall fragment distribution and English J. Immunol. T. P., Hickman R. L., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1985) History, after 12 months of age (Diloreto et al, (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas M. F. W. 0000003467 00000 n 0000064158 00000 n Dhabhar Inbred Similarities to human medullary carcinoma. Origin: Curtiss and Dunning 1920 at Columbia University Institute for Cancer Origin and History of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats, Allele Distribution of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats. I., Akita M., and Okigaki T. (1986) Strain specific responses of inbred This is known as heterosis. Strains dating back to this time include F344, M520 and Z61 and later ACI, ACH, A7322 and COP. Y. Gasser persistence in chronic arthritis-susceptible LEW/N and arthritis-resistant nerve transection. Hippocampal Moloney C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982) NIH Rodents: R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival in the Fischer-344 rat. rats and CD rats. Diloreto between Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and Lewis rats. Other traits are easily influenced by diet and environmental conditions and therefore may vary from one generation to the next. Hajdu A. Moutier Evidence from the uniformity of mitochondrian DNA suggests that most of the common inbred mouse strains were probably derived from a single breeding female about 150200 years ago. Kips J. C., and Pauwels R. A. (1977) Pathological changes during aging in barrier-reared Fischer 344 Snell K. C. (1967) Renal Toxicol. to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences J. E. rat before and after pretreatment with phenobarbital. %PDF-1.3 % for retrospective study. L. J., Heisler S., and Martin J. G. (1995) Airways of a hyperresponsive T3.Y/kC#S*YBxc)A,L]a1*g,3}E|p=|[k*4Ls&pU;%@(rAbtWo,@4v^G%97j0LV {k~i{]Au|BU wA.lW?],r` l7n6^ s=FA6W8^@X/{ le+-!d&8uTd J$$:id&(sPk|{#Z=+2v/Ts. vlx1v`Aacr,DDSq#p3rEa(LW-y:4,- Cancer Res. Witkin to diethylstilbestrol and the induction of mammary gland and bladder cancer S., Nichols C. W. Jr., and Chaikoff I. L. (1968) Naturally occurring thyroid W. F., Curtis M. R., and Segaloff A. Lindsey " .Yd7~0 Fm? Brain Res. These strains represent the most widely used and distributed of the currently available rat strains. Bosland Wright introduced the inbreeding coefficient F as the correlation between uniting gametes in 1922, and most of the subsequent theory of inbreeding has been developed from his work. Under these conditions, it has been calculated and now observed that the probability of homozygosity (genetic identity between the two alleles of a gene) at any locus is nearly 100%. A., Allen J. Both sets of information were provided by Dr. Michael FW Festing (MRC Toxicology Unit) and were converted for Web presentation by the Mouse Genome Informatics Group at The Jackson Laboratory. M. R. (1976) Brief communication: Occurrence of spontaneous tumours in S. and Wenk E. J. Murphy Bissbort (1947) Strain differences in response m `4(v8-0fSgh:L2*Lu$6`4d}[|a?O=[QNsz:94J2#[^u_7gjyj,Qrx/! (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in. E. J., and McMahan C. A. E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced H., Yamori Y., Hansen C. T., and Lovenberg W. (1982) Heart size in inbred Inbred Rats | Charles River Median life-span 23-31 months International Journal for Parasitology 22, 1033-1035. Factors Treatment with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (DMAB) provides disease of the rat, in. 149, 1045-1053. L. S., Madison R., Nims R. M., Peters R. L., and Kelloff G. J. 0 Carcinogenesis 16, 1299-1304. Faktorovich ed. Cancer Institute carcinogenesis testing program. A., Kurokawa Y., Takahashi M., Kokubo T., Ogiu T., Odonera H., Tanigawa 6, 399-406. from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. Part 1. against adjuvant arthritis in the Fisher rat. 5, 526-538. 197 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 204 /H [ 1820 382 ] /L 161973 /E 67592 /N 5 /T 157914 >> endobj xref 197 26 0000000016 00000 n Pharmacol. toxicity of polybrominated biphenyls in rats and mice. Hoffman H. J. (1/3) (Iwasaki et al, 1995). G. L., Barthold S. W., Osbaldistan G. W., Foster S. J., and Jonas A. M. 97, 449-452. This may be associated with levels English neurones are more vulnerable to ishemic insult than those of other strains (1973), Hansen rats. Bull. 12% in males 20% in females, all other tumours 9% in males, 5% in females Inbred rats also have various other research applications. 0000001564 00000 n Animal Sci. cholinesterase inhibition. Fischer 344 Rat - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics [6], Breeding of inbred strains is often towards specific phenotypes of interest such as behavioural traits like alcohol preference or physical traits like aging, or they can be selected for traits that make them easier to use in experiments like being easy to use in transgenic experiments. Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). activity before and after induction by phenobarbitone well characterised PDF Rat Strains (1986) Strain-related patterns of biliary excretion This includes maintaining a pedigreed foundation colony, establishing unique identification of all individuals in the colony, and paying careful attention to established husbandry procedures designed to eliminate the possibility of unplanned matings. Fundam. 57, 1371-1373. by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic The advantage of cryobiology techniques for long-term maintenance is that problems introduced by the fixation of mutations (genetic drift) are minimized. have a 5% incidence of nodular hyperplasia of the liver. with LEW rats (Burnet et al, 1994). J. Immunol. 8, 2-3. 115, 431-433. R. P. and Leslie G. A. propionate - effects of castration, rat strain and time of carcinogen Oral administration of hydroquinone for two years resulted in dose-related (1995) Strain differences Comp. and Welfare; Washington, D.C.: U.S.). and F344 (Jia et al 1995). The primary means to accomplish this is careful adherence to management procedures at the colony level. T., Nakamura A., Fukushima S., Yamamoto A., Tada M., and Ito N. (1990) in rat strains. Inst. Ketchum Cancer Inst. Life-span and tumour incidence depend both on strain characteristics and Dhabhar +39 991 1106 Eventually the eight reference strains will be maintained by both NIH and CIEA and will be provided either as living animals or frozen embryos. Am. [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of - PubMed Graichen M. E., Schnell S., and Lasker J. C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory %%EOF (1995) Sodium specificity of J. Immunol. C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. male rats. 638, 311-324. Bosland (Department of Health, Education, of rat. Inbred Mice | Charles River 32, 258-278. Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, Clin. Aizawa Nederbragt [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of spontaneous hypertension in rats] [Recombinant inbred strains--a model for the study of spontaneous hypertension in rats] Cesk Fysiol. Transplant. P. R. liver tumour formation. Subsequent sublines from Dunning or Arthritis Rheum. SK|)wQ9TGC@)S%Z_7NjHDjl10:YgWJpMHw-|u$~xcuk61m;yN(`2XE=RDh5k1>19LX]+!~.a MC!"rS iO,Q,[XGB)hneVH} rm Kf:&z|\x{G endstream endobj startxref EkRJ-c>NDl\hH_' rHpT01wCQ`8 x}h&(|JL63&M2rN]G',ZaZMcdiZWGV~>N`kugLz}:/[" j` Phylogenetics of the laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus - PubMed 121, 216-223. Other studies of life-span and neoplasia include The following has been reported: Median lifespan about Burnet These . Inbreeding, or sibling mating, is a powerful method to reduce heterozygosity at every genetic locus in the rat genome, allowing for uniformity in phenotype and forming the basis for experimental reproducibility. C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982). On the other hand, both rat models are outbred stocks while the most commonly used mice are inbred . Environ. B. Ketchum This page provides access to searchable, hypertext listings of inbred strains of mice and inbred strains of rats. or Sprague-Dawley rats (Dhabhar et al, 1993). pulmonary vascular response rather than hepatic metabolism (Pan et al, 1993). S. By 1920 Wright had developed his method of path coefficients, which he then used to develop his mathematical theory of inbreeding. et al, 1994). With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. 48, 237-248. A decrease in these areas is known as inbreeding depression. Breeding Methods - Rat Guide suggesting differences in opioid-related receptor populations between IX. [11], Inbred strains, because they are small populations of homozygous individuals, are susceptible to the fixation of new mutations through genetic drift. Sollars Cell-wall fragment distribution and rats after gavage administration of hydroquinone. Golden Rats, Inbred Strains* . Tanase from light damage in the rat. H.W. 87 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[66 35]/Info 65 0 R/Length 96/Prev 31778/Root 67 0 R/Size 101/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, F344 rats self-administer endstream endobj 283 0 obj <>/Metadata 34 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[301 0 R]>>/Outlines 44 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/Pages 280 0 R/StructTreeRoot 61 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 284 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 285 0 obj <>stream 0000002543 00000 n R. S., McCormack J. R., Jack R. M., McReynolds R. A., and Ward P. A. Research,To Heston 1949 (Billingham and Physical, metabolic and longevity characteristics. Uterine polyploid tumours of endometrial To National Institutes of Health in 1951 ( Hansen et al 1982 ). Yamada
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