The first case of COVID-19 was reported Dec. 1, 2019, and the cause was a then-new coronavirus later named SARS-CoV-2. (accessed on June 21, 2020). Analysts have tried to sort out these competing terms, giving a bit more statistical clarity to which businesses are open and which workers are leaving their homes. Health workers involved in aerosol-generating procedures require N95s, not medical masks. 46. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1211721. Coronaviruses are common in different animals. Doubts or fears about quarantine can make the public hide behind closed doors. Learn more about COVID-19 testing. (2020). Can inform patients of preventive measures to take as they come to the facility (e.g., wearing a nonmedical mask or having tissues to cover coughs or sneezes). Tasks essential to main health and safety, such as obtaining medicine or seeing a doctor; Getting necessary services or supplies for themselves or their family or household . It spreads primarily by person-to-person contact through respiratory droplets that become airborne when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or speaks. Using a mix of Department of Homeland Security definitions and Bureau of Labor Statistics data, we have found 50 million people who qualify as frontline workersa majority of the 90 million people employed in Americas essential industries. Recently, results of ongoing trials aiming at drug repurposing for the disease have been reported, and several drugs have shown encouraging activity as far as reducing the viral load or the duration of therapy is concerned. A chi-squared (2) test was used to examine the association between each item in awareness and explanatory variable in the bivariate analysis. On the other hand, HCWs also reported their preparedness on different areas to fight against COVID-19 (Figure 1). Surprisingly, no difference was reported for preparedness to fight against COVID-19 among participants. The COVID-19 diagnostic test that uses a nasal swab is known as the molecular PCR test. Zhong BL, Luo W, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Liu XG, Li WT, et al. These operational considerations are intended for use by health workers, including managers and IPC teams at outpatient facilities in non-U.S. healthcare settings. World Health organization. These measures included the closure of schools, universities, public transportation, and all public places as well as the isolation and care for infected and suspected cases (34). The knowledge and attitude of King Abdul-Aziz University hospital out patient clinic visitors toward coronavirus. Saudi Arabia suspends prayer in mosques, exempts holy Makkah and Madinah sites. doi: 10.2196/19160. Saudi Arabia has also been seriously affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and reported its first confirmed case on March 3, 2020. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'COVID-19.' An operational definition is a statement that defines a concept by describing the specific methods or procedures used to measure or observe it. USFDA Press Announcement. American federalism was designed so that individual states (and even municipalities, depending on state law) can determine their own reopening strategies. As the outbreak of COVID-19 is expanding exponentially, spreading beyond borders and spreading across continents, it has been classified as a pandemic. It created havoc and dismay among all nations. Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base. The disease spreads through person-to-person contact, and the posed potential public health threat is very high. The purpose of IPC in outpatient facilities is to maintain essential health services and to prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the facility. News Release: NIH Clinical Trial Shows Remdesivir Accelerates Recovery From Advanced COVID-19. Explore alternatives to in-person encounters (see section below). Send us feedback about these examples. Lancet Respir Med. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Given new evidence on the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, CDC has updated the, The White House announced that vaccines will be required for international travelers coming into the United States, with an effective date of November 8, 2021. Ostensibly, an essential industry refers to businesses and other establishments that must stay open during a public health emergency. However, gender, age, and area comparisons on these measures were non-significant. WHO Director-General's Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on COVID-19. Results: Among 1,000 participants, 36.7% were HCWs, 53.9% were female, and 44.1% were aged 30 years. More than 50 countries have confirmed cases of the virus, with the precise nature of the transmission . If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. The meaning of COVID-19 is a mild to severe respiratory illness that is caused by a coronavirus (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of the genus Betacoronavirus), is transmitted chiefly by contact with infectious material (such as respiratory droplets), and is characterized especially by fever, cough, loss of taste or smell, and shortness of breath and may progress to pneumonia . (2020, March 18) Available online at: https://arab.news/yf4an (accessed March 18, 2020). Since, SARS-CoV-2 binds to their target cells through ACE-2, it was suggested that patients with cardiac disease, hypertension, and diabetes are at the higher risk of developing severe to fatal COVID-19 (14, 15). Coronavirus and the New Words We Added COVID-19. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/COVID-19. The commissions central role should determine if federal programsranging from PPE to expanded paywill apply only to frontline occupations or to other people now reporting to work. This brief builds off of and updates our initial analysis of essential industries from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic by highlighting how frontline workers earn lower wages, are less educated, and are more likely to be people of color than national averages. Bedford J, Enria D, Giesecke J. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. Since this is a novel coronavirus with no such study having been conducted before, a standardized (structured, pre-coded, and validated) questionnaire was developed for this study by our co-authors, and it is based on frequently asked questions (FAQ) found on Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and WHO official websites (38, 39). Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, KFF Health Tracking Poll (2020). The survey shows that the educated participants (Bachelors or more) and HCWs consider the use of face masks, frequent washing of hands, social distancing, and avoid traveling to an infected area or country as preventive measures, more so than their counter group (P < 0.05). The study protocol and procedures of informed consent were granted ethical approval by the Institutional Research Review and Ethics Committee (IRREC), College of Pharmacy, Jazan University before the formal survey was conducted. WA and DB: data collection and calculations, writing, reviewing, editing of the manuscript, and formal analysis. Identify nonessential health services that can be delayed or canceled in accordance with local or national guidance. Arab News. Establish policies and procedures for health workers who develop symptoms or signs of COVID-19. Another 21 million worked in health care industries, and over 10 million in transportation and logistics. Airborne transmission is distinct from droplet transmission in that 'airborne' requires an infectious pathogen to remain viable in the air for extended periods of time and able to infect people at distances greater than 1 meter. An infectious disease emerging in human populations for the first time. x}[o9zQ:yKo==9,i[RitqoDd2,.Ry$W_6YjmlW~g/Q.?cxsV_=uv~xj_Zy>FOzmZkXbm|p}\O&]cQ _16o &NoF3IkG,.% cn=Rfg:.A"M67% Z}J^ |?>a/vprmj}wPN7x}nmZnWoe}*O>[? What are the different types of tests for COVID 19? Consider consultation outside of the household to ensure adequate ventilation. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV), which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Of course, just because an industry is essential does not guarantee employment for its workers. Dispense additional doses of medications for patients with stable, chronic disease to reduce number of times a patient needs to visit the pharmacy. News Release: Regeneron and Sanofi Provide Update on US Phase 2/3 Adaptive-Designed Trial of Kevzara (Sarilumab) in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Operational considerations for the identification of healthcare workers and inpatients with suspected COVID-19 in non-US healthcare settings. These data sources do not capture all the potential risks that frontline workers face, but they offer a start to more detailed conversations. Aim: This study was aimed to assess the level of awareness and preparedness to fight against COVID-19 among the healthcare workers (HCWs) and other residents of the South-West Saudi Arabia. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. The IPC focal point, in collaboration with other relevant people, should coordinate and apply various activities in the facility: Communicate with local public health authorities to understand protocols for reporting suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients and mechanisms to request supplies or other support. All 367 (100%) HCWs who participated in this study say that they checked adequate supplies of goggles, masks, and gowns on hand for emergencies, 99.7% say they prepared links or are in contact with External Resource Centers for COVID-19 such as the CDC or WHO, 98% evaluated the patient care equipment, including portable ventilators (preparation and patient handling checklists), and 83.4% checked and prepared alternative suppliers list of certain personal protective equipment etc. There is also no set definition of an essential industry, another commonly used term since the pandemic began. (2017) 11:205. J Clin Invest. More than half (55.9%) of the participants are of <30 years of age, and 44.1% are aged 30 years. While antibody tests blood after infection, with COVID-19, it's still not fully known what the presence of its antibodies means. Globally, extraordinary measures are being adopted to combat the formidable spread of the ongoing outbreak. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report53. At a minimum, health workers delivering care in these settings require education and training in good IPC practices, including standard and transmission-based precautions. HCWs make up 36.7% of participants, and 63.3% of participants are classified as other. Facility leadership and the IPC focal point should review WHOs guidance, Infection prevention and control during health care when coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is suspected or confirmed,and follow national IPC guidance to begin preparing facilities to safely triage and manage patients with respiratory illness, including COVID-19. The first part is designed to obtain background information, including demographic characteristics (nationality, age, gender, level of educational, and occupation). Moreover, the Saudi government decided to suspend congregational prayers across all mosques in the kingdom, including the two holy mosques in Makkah and Madinah (35). Al-Alalawi M, Alsolami A, Alghanmi A, Said H, Alatawi A, Lhajooj A. It was also known to them that no specific and effective treatment is available for COVID-19 to date, and whatever therapy is available at the designated centers is non-specific and treats only symptoms. A mathematical model to investigate the transmission of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 6 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 31 0 R 35 0 R 41 0 R 48 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 540 780] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> This is likely because of how easily it is transmitted person to person, even from asymptomatic carriers of the virus. Around 79.5% respondents are university graduates holding a bachelor's degree or higher, whereas 20.5% of participants possess educational qualifications of secondary school or lower (non-graduates). Althobaity HM, Alharthi RAS, Altowairqi MH, Alsufyani ZA, Aloufi NS, Altowairqi AE, et al. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. In the first place, HCWs and graduates should be aware of the disease profile, so that they can quickly spread the message among their family members, their neighbors, and all those who are within their contact. Clinical management of COVID-19. 23. The following recommendations will help scale and prioritize those policies: Since the COVID-19 national lockdowns began, the term frontline workers has emerged to capture the vast number of people who must still report to work in the face of unknown threats to their physical health. COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. called also However, importantly, 63.8% participants believe in avoiding raw and under-cooked animal products, 16.2% choose to avoid purchasing products made in China, and 1.7% have knowledge of proper prevention methods. COVID-19isa diseasecaused by a new strain of coronavirus. Reported illnesses range from very mild (including asymptomatic) to severe including illness resulting to death. Present findings showed that the awareness regarding COVID-19 disease was higher compared to MERS. We were able to categorize employment across 16 different DHS-designated economic sectors, led by 23.2 million workers in state and local government functions, including teachers and protective service officers. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. In order to achieve complete control over COVID-19, it would also be worthwhile to invest in various COVID-19 prevention efforts, including health education and innovative strategies based on local evidences to raise the community's awareness and to improve its preventative practices. Under such conditions, people's adherence to preventive measures is greatly affected by their awareness of the disease. JMIR Public Health Surveill. Infection Prevention and Control During Health Care When Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) Infection Is Suspected. Delivered to your inbox! Approximately, half of the respondents (42.4%) report that they seek more information on COVID-19. It was found that HCWs were more likely to be aware of COVID-19 symptoms (fever: OR = 2.15, P = 0.008; cough: OR = 1.66, P = 0.018 etc. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, conducted in Saudi Arabia that is assessing the awareness and preparedness toward COVID-19 among HCWs and other residents.
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