Start out the presentation by addressing the audience and by appealing to them. In this example the EEIs for this PIR would look something like, Will the Donovian commander use his fixing force against Alpha Company in Granite pass? or Will the Donovian commander use his fixing force against Charlie Company in the Central Corridor?. The following criteria, listed in relative order of importance, help do this: B-80. People are the most often overlooked and most important part of a computer-based information system. The analyst must know what information to look for, in this example the analyst must know what a fixing force is, what a fixing force typically is comprised of, and how the enemy deploys a fixing force either by their doctrine or by knowing how the enemy they are up against has used them in the past. What activities are Donovia conducting within the AOR which affect US interests, access, or influence? It is not a procedural act, but an act of learning. EEFI establish information to protect, not information to obtain. Observation and Fields of Fire. To visualize enemy forces, commanders need detailed intelligence, such as, speed of advance, tempo, and strengths and weaknesses. Anticipation and preparation can often overcome these effects, or even turn them to friendly advantage. The GMTI indicates that a company size formation is moving towards 3-21IN and 1-5INs positions and a larger battalion size element is moving towards 1-24INs position. Part 4 - Specific Information Requirements: The last part of a PIR is the Specific Information Requirement (SIR). What behavioral health assets can HHS OPDIVS and ESF#8 partners roster and deploy for prestaging? What damage has occurred in the affected area (including injuries/fatalities)? What is the hospital surge capacity in the anticipated path of the storm? Column 2, Essential Element of Information The category/functional element of data to be collected. The relative impact of each category may vary, but the commander and C2 system consider them all. By its nature, identifying exceptional information relies on the initiative of subordinate commanders and the staff. (See paragraphs 3-39-3-73.) Essential elements of information refers to the most critical information requirements regarding the adversary and the environment needed by the commander by a particular time to relate with other available information and intelligence in order to assist in reaching a logical decision. During operations, answers to IRs, especially the CCIR, contribute to assessments of the operation's progress that result in decisions by commanders and staff members. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. By definition, commanders need it to make a decision. Here are 6 essential elements to include when creating your very own branded infographic: 1. If for example your higher headquarters is concerned about drug trafficking and you know that drugs flow freely through your area of responsibility having a PIR regarding drugs that aligns with your higher headquarters will help to give you a higher priority for collection and analytical support. This in turn prevents the enemy from successfully breaching the battle positions and ultimately defeats the enemy attacking force. He has written several articles forSmall Wars Journalon a wide range of subjects. Obstacles fall into two categories: existing and reinforcing. Weather affects the condition and capabilities of soldiers and weapon systems, including, trafficability, visibility, obstacle emplacement times, and munitions performance. Cite. Based on the need for pre-staging of behavioral health assets, has DMAT deployed any behavioral health assets? Are there any plans for evacuation? The personalities of subordinate commanders are also important: A bold commander may be a good choice for a pursuit mission. From the IRs, the staff recommends designating some as PIRs or FFIR. Information Requirements and Cognitive Hierarchy. What local partners and NGOs are operational in affected areas with the capacity to deliver critical health/safety information to affected individuals/areas, including the at-risk population? Radiation Laboratory Response Network (RadLRN) CDC Radionuclide Assay Lab and Health Physicists, Home | Contact Us | Accessibility | Privacy Policies | Disclaimer | HHS Viewers & Players| HHS Plain Language| Vulnerability Disclosure Policy, Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), 200 Independence Ave., SW, Washington, DC 20201, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | USA.gov| Nor do mission commanders have to settle for PIR that dont give him the answers he needs to make a decision. Have outbreaks/reports of abnormal disease/injury or disease/injury rates been restored to pre-event levels? Commanders consider the effects of their decisions and their forces' actions on public opinion. What is a Priority Intelligence Requirement? They can anticipate the consequences of both their own force's actions and the enemy's. Although CCIR generate PIR and FFIR for management, the focus for the staff is answering the CCIR to support the commander's visualization and decisionmaking. This integration is essential to reaching understanding because it involves reducing the total number of bits to consider at any one time. To be truly effective, a units PIRs must be nested with that units next higher echelons PIR. Has the Radiation Injury Treatment Network (RITN) been alerted? It is provided by standard reports and ISR activities. Essential Elements of Information Essential Elements of Information (EEI) consists of the required information and documentation necessary to develop, review and process a Sub-recipient's grants. Using PIRs properly make them a powerful analytical tool that can effectively shape the commanders decision making and ultimately save lives on the battlefield. Will Federal assistance be needed to evacuate patients in nursing homes, assisted living, or other residential care facilities? They must be specific and measurable.They should also help highlight recovery issues and barriers to recovery.. Effective staffs ensure that the vast amount of other information they collect is truly RI and not just nice to have. During the Recovery Scoping Meeting, the Program Delivery Manager discusses Essential Elements of Information with the Applicant. B-37. Decisive terrain is key terrain whose seizure and retention is mandatory for successful mission accomplishment (FM 3-90). 25: More Chinese Ferry Tales: China's Use of Civilian Shipping in Military Activities, 2021-2022, Hospital Ships: A Vital Asset for SOUTHCOM and South American Navies, The Goshen Massacre and the Specter of Cartel Spillover Into the US, Dangerous Alliances: Russias Strategic Inroads in Latin America, Year Ahead Emerging Technologies and the Collection of Battlefield Evidence, How Does Matter Matter In International Conflict and Security? A commander's moral responsibility to protect noncombatants influences planning and preparing for operations. For example, an enemy breaching element will likely have with it some sort of engineer asset designed for clearing obstacles. Would an overhead satellite image effectively answer the question or do you need Ground Moving Target Indicators (GMTI) because the PIR can only be answered by the detection of movement? Product includes:- Choice board activity (9 boxes, 3 custom Newsela text sets, descriptions of the Six Essential Elements)- Rubric (Printable on one page or half-sheet)Word document allows you to customize directions and boxes to your students' levels. What is the Federal plan for distribution and allocation of medical supplies to include main and alternate supply points and supporting terminals to be used or considered? Possible sites for the temporary settlement of dislocated civilians or other civil functions. The C2 system collects data from various sources to answer IRs. Using the example PIR from above, where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force, the process looks something like this. Commanders and staffs can recognize relationships among events in the area of interest, discern the way the enemy thinks, and forecast what he might do. Part 4 - Specific Information Requirements. Readers are provided once again with an instructive mix of mathematics, physics, statistics, and information theory. Combat information is unevaluated data, gathered by or provided directly to the tactical commander which, due to its highly perishable nature or the criticality of the situation, cannot be processed into tactical intelligence in time to satisfy the user's tactical intelligence requirements (JP 1-02). This is information that helps to coordinate what type of collection asset would best be able to collect the information needed to answer the PIR. Having campaign PIR however, in no way prevents the analyst from bringing forth a topic not covered by them. A thorough understanding of why the unit is conducting an operation provides the focus for planning. Large amounts of RI are collected as a routine part of operations. The hierarchy shows where meaning is added to data as the C2 system processes it. B-52. Terrain is normally analyzed using the five military aspects of terrain, expressed in the memory aid, OAKOC: Commanders consider all five aspects when analyzing terrain. Lieutenant Colonel King holds a bachelor of arts in sociology from the University of Washington and a masters degree in strategic intelligence from American Military University. All CCIR are not tied to decision points; however, some CCIR may support one or more decision points. The fourth factor of METT-TC is the number, type, capabilities, and condition of available friendly troops and support. The EEI are written out in advance as questions by consumers of the EEI information. The analyst realizes that all the elements of the Priority Intelligence Requirement have been satisfied thus answering the overall PIR of where will the Donovian commander commit his breaching force? B-30. The commander and staff consider RI for each category in all military operations. These databases form the basis of the COP. Finding the things that are critical to quality means looking at the various possible failure modes, and root causes behind those failures. Capabilities can refer to the ability of local authorities-those of the host nation, aggressor nation, or some other body-to provide a populace with key functions or services, such as, public administration, public safety, emergency services, and food. Are health care and social service providers experiencing/expecting workforce attrition? Observation is the condition of weather and terrain that permits a force to see the friendly, enemy, and neutral personnel and systems, and key aspects of the environment. Examples of events precipitated by military forces include combat operations, deployments, redeployments, and paydays. As both processed data (information) and analyzed and evaluated information (knowledge) about the enemy and environment, intelligence is crucial to commanders' achieving situational understanding. They plan to exploit success and aggressively look for opportunities, keeping within the higher commander's intent. B-66. Commanders do this through designating CCIR. Techwalla may earn compensation through affiliate links in this story. Commanders should know the disposition and situation of their forces without having to visit each unit on the ground. (The joint definition of information requirements [IRs] includes only intelligence requirements; the Army definition encompasses all RI.) Where is the enemy and what is he going to do? 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Slide 12 (Phase I - Plan and Direct) Commanders designate EEFI and transmit them to their staffs and subordinates. However, some operations (such as a combined arms breaching operation) require greater control and coordination than others (such as an exploitation). Essential Elements of Information Documents/information provided in the EEI should answer the following questions: Who Has legal responsibility to perform work What What was damaged/repaired or activities performed When Date when damage and work occurred Where Location where damage/work occurred Why What was the peril that caused the damage Complete information on terrain is more than data on features, slope and elevation, soil conditions, and vegetation; it also includes their impact on vehicle and human movement rates, maintenance, tempo, trafficability, and maneuverability by various types of forces. What is the status of behavioral health care facilities in the affected communities? This appendix expands the discussion of information in chapter 3. U.S. Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 5-0, by ICAIE (International Coalition Against Illicit Economies), by Rice University's Baker Institute for Public Policy, by Global Initiative Against Transnational Organized Crime, by Center for International Maritime Security (CIMSEC), by Strategic Perspectives 41, National Defense University, by Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, by C/O Futures Terrorism Research Note Series, by PKSOI (Peacekeepimh and Stability Operations Institute), The Fighting in Sudan is an Armed Conflict: Heres What Law Applies, Are drug cartels 'terrorist organizations'? In the context of information management, the six factors of METT-TC-mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available, time available, and civil considerations-make up the major. B-63. Enemies react to every friendly move. Commanders analyze their missions and decisions in terms of the higher commander's intent, mission, and concept of operations. Effective use of terrain diminishes the effects of enemy fires, increases the effects of friendly fires, and facilitates surprise. What Are the Four Basic Functions of a Computer. Is DOD assistance available to provide patient transport/strategic lift capability support? B-60. ESF #8 Pre-Scripted Mission Assignments (PSMAs), Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The importance of keywords and subject-specific vocabulary in writing an information report has already been mentioned. A unit's field of fire is directly related to its ability to observe. (or what percentage of the population can be covered?). Uncover Important Keywords and Phrases. Each level of information has a different value in supporting command and control (C2). In all cases, the fewer the CCIR, the better the staff can focus its efforts and allocate scarce resources. Keeping this focus demands vision on the part of the commander and understanding of the commander's intent and CCIR by subordinates. Judgment, a purely human skill, transforms knowledge into understanding. Have rates of psychiatric illness been restored to pre-event levels? IM is a dynamic process that supports commanders in the fast-moving operational environment. Because collection assets are limited, a method of prioritizing collection and processing is required. Moreover, commanders and staffs begin to recognize what they do not yet understand-they identify the uncertainty that exists. Campaign PIRs are enduring questions that could take several years to answer if there ever truly can be a definitive answer. Are there any environmental health risks? These may include church groups, fraternal organizations, patriotic or service organizations, labor unions, criminal organizations, and community watch groups. A principal task of information management (IM) is to collect information and transform it by adding progressively greater meaning at each level of the cognitive hierarchy. Just as hardware cannot function without software, software cannot function without data. Relevant information is all information of importance to the commander and staff in the exercise of command and control (FM 3-0). (See FM 34-130.) They consider both friendly and enemy perspectives. During preparation and execution, changes to CCIR are disseminated by FRAGO. Original content is published under aCreative Commons Licenseper ourTerms of Use. Identification of EEFI is the first action in the operations security (OPSEC) process, which commanders use to determine measures to protect this information (OPSEC measures). The cycle of planning and directing, collecting, processing, analyzing and producing, and disseminating intelligence requires a substantial effort to overcome some unique and complex challenges. Usually reports have a prescribed purpose and format. Commanders add, delete, adjust, and update them throughout an operation based on the information they need for decisionmaking. What capabilities by specialty will be required? This can be done by asking about their business (e.g., a new product launch or announcement). Increasing assets in one area may compensate for a shortage of assets in another. But as can be seen in the example above once those EEIs are answered the blue force commander will have a clearer understanding of the battlefield which will allow him to make an effective decision. The Incident Specific EEIs are designed to provide the Incident Manager (IM) situational awareness of the incident. All the essential topics in information theory are covered in detail, including . Some experts list five basic elements of a CBIS: hardware, software, data, procedures and people. COMMANDER'S CRITICAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS. Focused on predictable events or activities. Weather and climate have direct and indirect effects on tactical operations. These teams regularly update terrain information to reflect the effects of combat, as well as of nature. The latest edition of this classic is updated with new problem sets and material The Second Edition of this fundamental textbook maintains the books tradition of clear, thought-provoking instruction. Commanders consider tangible and intangible factors when assigning missions. Are CDC health physicists alerted to deploy for field dosimetry and consultation in victim decontamination? What are the locations/contact information for the facilities/providers? Where? These questions focus the analytical energy of the organization and provide areas of emphasis for collectors. HealthCare.gov in Other Languages. (PED), analysis, and intelligence synchronization. Information forms the basis of the COP. Obstacles can be natural, manmade, or a combination of both (JP 1-02). EEIs are also used in non-intelligence fields, such as responders to crisis events or medical emergencies. All are highly effective tools for painting the picture of the battlefield for the commander, yet this level is synchronization is often underused or incorrectly implemented in the intelligence enterprise. 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The two broad categories of EEIs to be collected are Incident Specific EEIs and ESF #8 Functional Element EEIs. B-18. The United States Department of Defense defines EEI as follows: The United Kingdom Ministry of Defence defines EEI as follows: The United States Army eliminated the term EEI from its doctrine in August 2014, though Joint doctrine still uses the term.[3]. Below is a description of each of the components of a PIR and how they fit together. When established, EEFI have a priority on a level with CCIR. Commanders also consider the effects of manmade and natural terrain in conjunction with the weather on friendly and enemy operations. B-78. B-69. Others add a sixth element, communications, to the list. CCIR include priority intelligence requirements (PIRs) and friendly forces information requirements (FFIR). They produce constructive results by the force of argument and the example of their actions. They influence and interact with the populace, the force, and each other. This trigger being met will require the commander to implement that decision. Some effects of civil considerations may impede overall force activities; others affect soldiers directly, preventing them from functioning to their full capability. Troops using valleys as avenues of approach must control the adjacent ridges to protect their movement. B-39. At the tactical level, they directly relate to key civilian areas, structures, capabilities, organizations, people, and events within the AO. What is the projected requirement for ground movement of patients, including at-riskpopulations? Intelligence, a product that becomes relevant information (RI) within C2, falls into the second (information) and third (knowledge) levels of the cognitive hierarchy. Other knowledge products may be presented separately from, but in conjunction with, the COP. PIRs identify the information about the enemy and other aspects of the operational environment that the commander considers most important.[i] Answering a PIR will result in one of the commanders decision point criteria being met. What assistance have state officials requested from FDA, e.g., inspectional assistance, technical expertise, product sampling, and laboratory analysis? Easier said than done. 1. Does the potentially affected state(s) need behavioral health care support in advance of RDD event; If yes, what are the detailed requirements (what is needed, where, and when, etc.?). B-58. B-16. Other business practices compliment the process, too, such as (1) Area of Intelligence Responsibility (AOIR) for, collection, analysis, production, and dissemination, U.S. Army Intelligence & Security Command. B-19. 4. Column 1, EEI Number - The reference number assigned to each EEI to be collected. Does it include at-risk needs? Commanders can save more time by using standing operating procedures (SOPs), tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), and habitual relationships. This holds particularly true for civil considerations, where careful preparation can turn parts of civil populations into advantages for friendly forces and disadvantages for enemy forces. Examples of these type of PIR include: When considering the scope of a Combatant Command (COCOM) and the potential actors operating within their Area of Responsibility campaign PIR are vital to focus the analyst on the events and personalities that their commander believes are important. What staging areas are being used by Federal responders? B-5. During preparation and execution, CCIR focus on information needed to validate the selected COA or determine when to initiate critical events, such as a branch or sequel. Commanders have legal and moral responsibilities to refugees and noncombatants in their AOs. This information is known as indicators. Based on their situational understanding and recommendations from the running estimates, commanders make decisions and revise the CCIR as needed to fill gaps in information needed to make future decisions. A headquarters must focus IRs on RI. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress; however, they also include larger, long-term diplomatic, informational, and economic issues at higher levels. It is treated as an answer to one of the CCIR and reported to the commander immediately by any method available. : The last part of a PIR is the Specific Information Requirement (SIR). The approach intentionally privileges productive language skills "from the beginning," she says. The World in Spatial Terms a. B-7. According to the World Health Organization, these nutrients must come from food, and they're vital. Are individuals, families, and service providers able to access recovery resources. A methodical commander may be a better choice for a deliberate breaching operation. The handful of simple questions contained within the Commanders Critical Information Requirements guide the intelligence collectors and analysts towards providing the commander the information needed to make timely and accurate decisions. In the context of the cognitive hierarchy, understanding is knowledge that has been synthesized and had judgment applied to it in a specific situation to comprehend the situation's inner relationships. The Information Cell is responsible for completion of the matrix with the assistance of the Department/Agency (D/A) or OPDIV/STAFFDIV identified to provide input. A PIR, along with Friendly Force Information Requirements (FFIR) and Essential Elements of Friendly Information (EEFI), is one of the three components of a Commanders Critical Information Requirement which is outlined in ADRP 5-0 as, an intelligence requirement, stated as a priority for intelligence support, that the commander and staff need to understand the adversary or the operational environment (JP 2-0). Instructions for Completion of ESF #8 Essential Elements of Information (EEI) Worksheet for Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) Response Prior to distributing the ICP, the Information Cell should select the EEIs that are to be collected for the Operating Period specified. Thus, commanders visit units to confirm reports or obtain better understanding of the operation's decisive points or factors. Commanders and staffs view all the other factors of METT-TC in terms of their impact on mission accomplishment.
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