At the outbreak of the Texas Revolution, he and his brothers were employed picking cotton for a Captain Dorsett on a farm near Liberty, Texas. Died September 3, 1836, from complications of wounds suffered at the, Commanding officer of Greys infantry company after Baugh, February 16 courier to Goliad & Gonzales, returned to San Antonio March 3, Commander of volunteers, co-commander of the garrison, fought at Bexar, knife design named for him, fell ill while commanding. Until this episode Santa Anna's reputation had been that of a cunning and crafty man, rather than a cruel one. Logan and fellow soldiers knew a force from Mexico of about 7,000 men were marching to retake this country again & our whole force at this time dont exceed 800 men, but we are willing to meet them when they arrive, according to the GLOs account of the letter. Neill signed an affidavit in 1838 swearing that when he left the Alamo on February 14 Harrison was a member of the garrison, and to his knowledge Harrison remained with the garrison and was killed in the battle. Traded places at the Alamo with his father(told his father to go back home). Dimmitt was previously the commander of Texian forces at. Please improve this article by adding a reference. The death toll would have been even higher if not for a This March 18, 2010, photo shows Presidio La Bahia, a half-century-old Catholic Spanish church on a hill above the San Antonio River in Goliad, and site of the Goliad Massacre in 1836. Re-enactors fire a salute at the Fannin Memorial during a service for the Goliad Massacre March 28, 2004. Gonzales resident. Participated in the siege of Bexar. rode in with Breece's N.O.Greys, fought at Bexar, remained at Alamo, joined Vol. Many of those who eventually escaped were first recaptured and later managed a second escape. [6], The entire Texian force was killed except for twenty-eight men who feigned death and escaped. On March 22 William Ward, who with Amon B. On January 23, 2021, 19 bodies were discovered near the MexicoUnited States border, the victims are said to be migrants and were shot and set on fire. Their charred remains were left in the open, unburied, and exposed to vultures and coyotes. brother-in-law of Alamo defender William Deardruff. WebThe Goliad Massacre, set in the town of Goliad on March 27, 1836, was an execution of Republic of Texas soldier-prisoners and their commander, James Fannin, by the Mexican We are a community-supported, non-profit organization and we humbly ask for your support because the careful and accurate recording of our history has never been more important. [7], Also spared were the 75 soldiers of William Parsons Miller and the Nashville Battalion, who had surrendered while still unarmed. Ceremonies were held in Goliad to honor the memory of the massacre that took place in 1836. In eight days, home and liberty!". "A Revolution Remembered: The Memoirs and Selected Correspondence of Juan N. Seguin". Surprised by an overwhelming Mexican force, they were chased off and escaped, however 18 of the group were captured and marched back to Goliad. ~Read the following primary source documents and answer the questions with complete sentences. Web[composite] Muster Roll listing for John C. Duval, indicating that he Escaped the Massacre at Goliad. Thirty-three Americans were captured in the course of the fighting at Nuestra Seora del Refugio Mission, half of them with Capt. Some of the survivors attended the ceremony. Meantime, on March 23, evidently doubting Urrea's willingness to serve as executioner, Santa Anna sent a direct order to the "Officer Commanding the Post of Goliad" to execute the prisoners in his hands. 1st Sergeant Thomas M. Blake, George W. Cash; Thomas Jefferson Dasher; J.E. Hutchinson is not listed on most lists of Alamo defenders. If you change your mind, you can easily unsubscribe. https://www.tshaonline.org, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/black-bean-episode. ISBN, del la Teja, Jesus (1991). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. According to the written terms, Fannins men were to be treated as prisoners of war under international custom and would be released back to the United States. WebNearly 350 rebels were executed in the Goliad Massacre, almost twice as many as were killed at the siege of the Alamo. The Crossroads of Texas Living History Association staged re-enactments of battles that took place there, gave candle light tours and staged a reenactment of the death march at a location where it is believed the massacre took place. Hobart Huson, Colonel Fannin's Execution of General Houston's Orders to Evacuate Goliad (MS, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin). This March 18, 2010, photo shows the front of Our Lady of Loreto chapel at the Presidio La Bahia in Goliad. Every penny counts! Missouri Territory, St. Charles District ! Fuentes was jailed in February for theft. The first prisoners taken by Urrea were the survivors of Francis W. Johnson's party, captured at and near San Patricio on February 27, 1836 (see SAN PATRICIO, BATTLE OF). But the caretakers of Presidio La Bahia, site of the Goliad Massacre, hope their recently completed renovation will allow Goliad to share some of the Alamo's glory. He wrote about dwindling supplies, with soldiers diet consisting solely of beef, lacking corn or flour. In this critical predicament, Colonel James Fannin and his staff had voted to surrender the Texian forces on the 20th. Balderas, Capt. Lanham, MD: Republic of Texas Press. Yet, this move merely fed the flames of Texan resistance. rode in with Louisiana Volunteers for Tx. [citation needed], Amon B. In view of Santa Anna's positive orders, Urrea could not, of course, accede to these terms, but refusing them would mean another bloody battle. He called Texas one of the fines (sic) country I have ever seen and vowed to live to see the liberty of Texas. He died in the Goliad Massacre in 1836. Santa Anna immediately imposed martial law and attempted to disarm the Texans. Portilla suffered an unquiet night weighing these conflicting orders, but he concluded that he was bound to obey Santa Anna's order and directed that the prisoners be shot at dawn. Kathryn Stoner O'Connor, The Presidio La Baha del Espritu Santo de Ziga, 1721 to 1846 (Austin: Von Boeckmann-Jones, 1966). Dudley Goodall Wooten, ed., A Comprehensive History of Texas (2 vols., Dallas: Scarff, 1898; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1986). John Crittenden Duval, Early Times in Texas, or the Adventures of Jack Dobell (Austin: Gammel, 1892; new ed., Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1986). We strive for accuracy and fairness. left from NC, his mother was given a small stone memento from the Alamo, fought at Bexar, lived in Gonzales, rode in as part of the "Immortal 32" Gonzales Mounted Rangers on March 1, fought at Bexar as member of Breece's Greys, captured and released by Mexican soldiers, Commissioner, empowered to muster Gonzales Ranging Company. He was the older brother of Alamo defenders George and James Taylor. Were preserving the history, Sifuentes said. Paula Mitchell Marks, "MAVERICK, SAMUEL AUGUSTUS," Handbook of Texas Online. WebDr. From two groups shot on the river roads, those not instantly killed fled to the woods along the stream, and twenty-four managed to escape. This March 18, 2010, photo shows a plaque in the museum at the fort in Goliad, Texas, with the names of 342 who died in the Goliad Massacre. William B. The gist of these was that Fannin and his men, including his officers and the wounded, should be treated as prisoners of war according to the usages of civilized nations and, as soon as possible, paroled and returned to the United States. At the outbreak of the Texas Revolution, he and his brothers were employed picking cotton for a Captain Dorsett on a WebThe first report of the names of the Texian victims of the battle came in the March 24, 1836 issue of the Telegraph and Texas Register. ""The Fall of the Alamo,"". resident, formerly Alabama, Followed his uncle, John Sutherland Jr., into the Alamo. The next month, the Texans managed to defeat 800 Mexican soldiers stationed in San Antonio. accessed May 01, 2023, It describes the tough times Logan and fellow soldiers had at Goliad. But it may not happen until late next year. Gammel & Co., 1892; Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1986), XV. He served with Bigfoot Wallace and Jack Hays in the Texas Rangers and was a veteran of the Mexican-American War and the Civil War. They were kept separate from the other prisoners, as they had been unarmed and surrendered without a fight. Taylor, Edward, Most Texas billionaires did OK in 2022. Urrea had no desire to execute these men and had promised that they would be treated well. Green Jameson participated in the siege of Bexar. Taylor County, Texas is named for him and his brothers, George and James, who also died in the Alamo. Roth is not included on most lists of Alamo defenders. One company, badly led, broke ranks at the beginning of Mexa's action, and half its number, together with wounded men from other companies, were captured by Santa Anna's forces the next day. Although not as famous as the Battle of the Alamo, the execution of Fannins troops at Goliad crystallized public opinion in the United States and contributed to a war frenzy against Mexico. Upon finishing the job they left to join the revolutionary army. Mabry McMahon, left, and David Sifuentes, right, shoot off a volley of shots to commemorate the Texians who died during the 1836 Goliad Massacre in the Texas Revolution during a living history event near Presidio La Baha in Goliad. After his brush with death at Goliad, John C. Duval lived a long, distinguished life. Rode with Capt. Joined Fannin at Goliad and escaped with Horton's guard, then joined Houston. Joseph H. Barnard, Dr. J. H. Barnard's Journal: A Composite of Known Versions, ed. One of the last of the Alamo garrison to be killed-in the Alamo chapel, unknown, fought near artillery at main gate. Entered the Alamo on March 1,rode in as original member of the Gonzales Mounted Rangers ("Immortal 32"), Entered Alamo on March 1, rode in as part of the "Immortal 32" Gonzales Mounted Rangers. [2] In November 1835, John C. Duval volunteered for a company organized in Kentucky by his brother, Burr H. Duval, with the plan to go to fight in Texas. In 1848 the bodies were returned from Mexico to be buried at Monument Hill, near La Grange, Fayette County. Twenty-eight of them were tried as pirates, convicted, and, on December 14, 1835, shot (see TAMPICO EXPEDITION). William Blazeby's infantry, joined Vol. According to Duval, in February of 1836, the men at Goliad were informed by a Mexican from the Rio Grande that Santa Anna was on the Texas border with a large army. William Fairfax Gray, From Virginia to Texas, 1835 (Houston: Fletcher Young, 1909, 1965). Fannin and some forty (Pea estimated eighty or ninety) wounded Texans unable to march were put to death within the presidio under the direction of Capt. This order was received by Portilla on March 26, who decided it was his duty to comply despite receiving a countermanding order from Urrea later that same day. unknown, San Felipe resident, formerly Alabama, courier, left on February 23, killed by Woll's men 1842, unknown, Gonzales resident, (Sowell, Smith, and Lockhart possibly guided the, In September 1835, A.J, Sowell joined with John N. Sowell (one of the "Old Eighteen") who refused to relinquish the. In September 1835 Darst was one of the "Old Eighteen" who refused to relinquish a cannon, leading to the, rode in as original member of the Gonzales Mounted Rangers ("Immortal 32"). They may have been added to the prisoners at Goliad and killed with Fannin on March 27. The living history event lasted the duration of the weekend. Texan sources specify the number of prisoners as 407, exclusive of Miller's men. Alamo courier with John Smith as listed above, who last left on March 3. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. A two day Battle of Coleto ensued with the Texians holding their own on the first day. Entered the Alamo on March 1, rode in as part of the "Immortal 32" Gonzales Mounted Rangers, Floyd County, Texas is named for him. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: March 27. Kentucky volunteer told of harsh conditions before Goliad massacre in 1836. Cody Mobley, who serves as a Texas Historical Commission site manager at Fort McKavett, drove four hours to portray Rusk at the living history event. The San Antonio Grays, Mobile Grays,and others were marched along the Victoria road in the direction of the lower ford. These victories of 1835 then intensified Urrea complied to the extent of issuing an order to shoot his prisoners, along with those captured in the battle of Agua Dulce Creek, but he had no stomach for such cold-blooded killing; and when Father Thomas J. Malloy, priest of the Irish colonists, protested the execution, Urrea remitted the prisoners to Matamoros, asking Santa Anna's pardon for having done so and washing his hands of their fate. [1] The execution of the Texan soldiers, however horrific, was not without precedent. Every penny counts! GOLIAD They wore linen shirts and leather shoes. As Urreas much larger 1400-man army approached, Fannin acted with indecision, wondering if he should go to the aid of the besieged men at the Alamo. WebMarch 27 Mexican army executes 417 Texas revolutionaries at Goliad This Day In History March | 27 Choose another date 1836 Mexican army executes 417 Texas revolutionaries They came to honor the soldiers who fought in the Texas Revolution. This may have been correct. The Goliad Massacre, the tragic termination of the Goliad Campaign of 1836, is of all the episodes of the Texas Revolution the most infamous. At sunrise on Palm Sunday, March 27, 1836, the unwounded Texans were formed into three groups under heavy guard commanded by Capt. Commander of his own infantry company, the Bexar Guards, fought at Bexar, rode in as original member of the Gonzales Mounted Rangers ("Immortal 32"), Fought at siege of Bexar. They carried waterskins and flintlocks. The Texans thought they would likely be set free in a few weeks. Facing extremely long odds, the men chose to stay and fight. When the Mexican and Texan commissioners seeking surrender terms failed to agree, Urrea shortened the conference by dealing directly with Fannin and proposing written terms, under which the Texans should give up their arms and become prisoners of war "at the disposal of the Supreme Mexican Government." Jakie L. Pruett and Everett B. Cole, Goliad Massacre: A Tragedy of the Texas Revolution (Austin: Eakin Press, 1985). Historical reenactors, dressed as Texian troops, march back to Presidio La Baha during a living history event. Description [Henry M. Morfit] Texas Revolution: Autograph Letter Signed Requesting Land for the Family of a Victim of the Goliad Massacre. They were the first reporters of the fall of the Alamo, in Gonzales. "The Mexican Side of the Texas Revolution". The third group, on the San Patricio road, was farther from cover; only four men from it are known to have escaped. WebThe Goliad Massacre, the tragic termination of the Goliad Campaign of 1836, is of all the episodes of the Texas Revolution the most infamous. Clarence R. Wharton, Remember Goliad (Houston: McCurdy-Young, 1931). Six Texians escaped, five were recaptured and marched to Goliad. William Kennedy, Texas: The Rise, Progress, and Prospects of the Republic of Texas (London: Hastings, 1841; rpt., Fort Worth: Molyneaux Craftsmen, 1925). Urrea wrote in his diary that he "wished to elude these orders as far as possible without compromising my personal responsibility." WebGoliad, Texas: Goliad massacre ~400 Around 400 Texians killed by Santa Anna's Mexican Army Presidio la Bahia Goliad Palm Sunday March 27, 1836. He also had a similar order sent directly to the "Officer Commanding the Post of Goliad". ISBN, Articles incorporating text from Find a Grave.com, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, List of Texan survivors of the Battle of the Alamo, See section B.F.Nobles courier with Dimmit, http://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/WW/fwabe.html, http://www.thealamo.org/battle/defenders.php, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. A small number of them stand by the grave a bare remnant of that noble band, he continued. "James Bowie Texas Fighting Man: A Biography". It was, on the whole, that in shooting these prisoners, Mexico was acting within its rights. Within his journal, John recounts adventures involving fellow Goliad survivors, a Mexican lion, Indians, rattlesnakes, and much more before he was able to reach civilization around May 4, 1836.[8]. Presidio re-enactors honor victims of Goliad Massacre, 101 W. Goodwin Ave., Suite 1200,Victoria,TX, honoring the Texan soldiers who died at the Goliad Massacre, Presidio La Bahia could get new management, Man arrested in shooting death of his mother, Refugio boys capture second consecutive regional team title, Record-setting Dalton Brooks leads area medal rush, Hill highlights Goliad athletes state bound from regional meet, East falls to Carroll in winner take all game 3, 'A catalyst': Victorians young, old show their maker spirit at tech carnival, UHV-Texas A&M-Texarkana game halted by gunfire, Area athletes qualify for state in field events. A memorial marks the burial site of Col. James Fannin and other Texans executed in the 1836 Goliad Massacre. Arrived at the Alamo on March 1 as original member of the Gonzales Ranging Company of Mounted Volunteers ("Immortal 32"). ISBN, Edmondson, J.R. (2000). Long accustomed to enjoying considerable autonomy from their Mexican rulers, many Anglo Texan settlers reacted with alarm when Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna proclaimed himself dictator of Mexico in 1835. Capt. Seguin left on February 25 to recruit reinforcements. One and a half pages, 7.75" x 9.75", February 7, 1839, Washington. When he neared the soldiers he spurred his horse and used his knowledge of the terrain to escape. Ruby C. Smith, "James W. Fannin, Jr., in the Texas Revolution," Southwestern Historical Quarterly 23 (October 1919, January, April 1920). In fall 1836 Captain Thomas Breece compiled a list of the men who had originally been under his command, and marked Morman as killed at the Alamo. The troops sang "Home Sweet Home" on the night of March 26. Served in Capt. Capt. Webof Mexican faithlessness at Goliad, and of the treacherous deaths of Colonel Fannin and his men, had spread like wildfire over the United States. Participated in the siege of Bexar and remained as part of the garrison. Fought at Bexar, remained in Alamo as Bexar Guard. ASIN, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fho62, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/qeg02, http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fmi30, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Urrea's right wing consisted of about 1000 soldiers; unknown number of executioners, 28 escaped, 20 spared as workers, 75 spared as unarmed captives. Every dollar helps. Winds S at 10 to 15 mph. After the executions, the Texians' bodies were piled and burned. Magazine of American History. marksman, Capt. [citation needed], On March 2, at the Battle of Agua Dulce, James Grant was killed, as were 11 other men under his command. He received land certificates for his service, including a 640-acre Donation specifically for his service under Fannin at Goliad, and a 1,280-acre Bounty for the full term of his enlistment. Dickson is not listed on most lists of Alamo defenders. Carlos E. Castaeda (Dallas: Turner, 1928; 2d ed., Austin: Graphic Ideas, 1970). From a pasture near the Presidio La Bahia in Goliad, battle re-enactors still remember Goliad each spring. According to, Originally a member of Breece's New Orleans Grays. [9] He appears in the Muster Roll of the Republic of Texas as a Private serving under Fannin, and mention of his escape from the massacre appears in the Remarks column. But Portilla's volleys at Goliad, together with the fall of the Alamo, branded both Santa Anna and the Mexican people with a reputation for cruelty and aroused the fury of the people of Texas, the United States, and even Great Britain and France, thus considerably promoting the success of the Texas Revolution.