Sojourn: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia, Editorial Board Secondly, policymakers can de-risk migration through several means including more flexible visa policies, mechanisms to support migrant workers during shocks, and social protection programs. The analysis presented will contribute to defining Americas Role in Asia. Although Islamist cells have launched dramatic terror attacks but, especially since 2016, these were met with intense repression and have decreased in frequency. Fears of Pakistans collapse and rise of a revolutionary Islamist project drove international efforts to bolster state counterinsurgency capacity. -- Volume 25, Number 2, October 2010, Editorial Board Pakistan is reported at factor cost. None of this implies that the military has monopolized violence. 0000033910 00000 n IN SOUTH ASIA Being a homeland of number of caste and ethnic groups, the ways and process of how the social movements interact with contentious politics (and vice-versa) have been still less theorized empirically in the Asian societies. .chakra .wef-facbof{display:inline;}@media screen and (min-width:56.5rem){.chakra .wef-facbof{display:block;}}You can unsubscribe at any time using the link in our emails. All rights reserved. Consequently, many young South Asians keep their relationships hidden due to internalized shame and a fear of being rejected by their families. 0 Moreover, shifts in civilian power and civil-military coalitions are likely to occur in the future, with unpredictable results. Despite having a long historical background, critics suggest that the social movements are increasingly contested with identity politics and agrarian issues. Rather, it is exposing in a single word the reason why overcoming systemic violence based on gender is so difficult. The poverty rate among immigrant Asian minors those under the age of 18 was slightly higher, at 16%. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. South Asias migrant workers, many of whom are employed in the informal sector, were disproportionately affected when restrictions to movement were imposed during COVID-19. 2017-2023 Council on Foreign Relations. Previously, when all five Central Asian countriesKazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanbelonged to the former Soviet Union, Moscow ensured that Russian language and literature were taught in schools and that Russian dominated all forms of media, despite these former Soviet republics each having their own native language. And in their densely populated slums, diseases can spread quickly. 4 These three sources are the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (https://acleddata.com/), the Pak Institute for Peace Studies series of Pakistan Security Reports (https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa), and the SATP (see above). Finally, the paper anticipates a call for the collective colloquium of south Asian social movements. For instance, Nepals peace process is a model of civil war termination through a political settlement, while the Sri Lanka governments destruction of the LTTE left a trail of dead and displaced civilians. The TAF2020 exercise highlighted six important ways in which Asia is changing, and where we need to apply all of our resources, analytical skills, partnership During monsoon season, Dhaka and Mumbais streets flood regularly due to clogged drains and the cities low elevation. While trying to fit into a western society that prides itself on individual expression, they may find themselves navigating a culture at home where personal boundaries are blurred, and self-identity is determined by the validation of their family and community. Suppressing violence is not necessarily the same as resolving conflict. -- Volume 34, Number 1, March 2019, Editorial Board The film industry is one of Indias most prominent cultural exports. Instead, mob violence has become a more persistent concern than rebellion. South The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. In the first decade of the twenty-first century, anti-state rebellions were an endemic feature of South Asias political landscape. 0000000016 00000 n It is the most comprehensive book on the market about the geography of Asia. 0000004679 00000 n The last two decades have seen both a dramatic decrease in insurgency-related violence and a noticeable growth in state coercive power. endstream endobj 74 0 obj <> endobj 75 0 obj <> endobj 76 0 obj <>stream A 16 year old boy prepares to marry a young girl in Indore, India, on May 15, 2002, despite a government ban on under-age nuptials. 2023 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. The group has since splintered, with cadres retreating into Afghanistan, abandoning the fight, or lying low. On average, people are living over twenty years longer compared to half a century ago. How has this transformation occurred? Finally, Nepal has meaningfully improved its democratic practice since the end of its civil war. South Asians in Canada have reported some of the highest mental health issues this year. Research has repeatedly demonstrated that a fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, and as a result, lower psychological problems. WebMost Indians do not identify as South Asian, raising concerns for the viability of it as a classification. In nutshell, although having a century long background of various social movements, South Asia is undergoing a burgeoning phase of social movements transformation, which is outcome of the various factors including reluctantly changing state structure vis--vis social development, rights regime, marginalization, and conflict resolutions. India is so large and diverse that it seems to be more a continent than a country. Exports and the services sector in India, the regions largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. India and Pakistan account for 86 percent of the regions total population and, along with Bangladesh, rank among the worlds ten largest countries by population. Dragons and Tigers is the only textbook that covers all three regions South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia in one textbook. 1. Teaching Climate Change in South Asia Yet extrapolating confidently from this trend is dangerous: the politics of the region are too dynamic to assume continuity. The state is resurgent, and insurgencies have been eliminated or contained. To the north, Central Asia is far less populous but has its own challenges and opportunities. WebISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA engagement between the two, barring perhaps a few minor border skirmishes in selected areas. Immigrant Asians were slightly more likely than U.S.-born Asians to be homeowners in 2019 (60% vs. 56%). What are the main social problems in South Asia? 0000000896 00000 n 0000006311 00000 n World Economic Forum articles may be republished in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Public License, and in accordance with our Terms of Use. Across all South Asian countries, patriarchal values and social norms tend to privilege men and boys access to opportunities and control over resources. These inequalities are manifested across the life cycle from conception, to birth, to childhood, adolescence through to adult life. When young South Asian adults pursue a career that their family approves of instead of one that they find personally fulfilling, they might feel proud for maintaining family expectations. Finally, an insurgency grinds on in Balochistan, where a welter of Baloch rebels fights in an area of growing strategic and resource importance, including a Chinese presence linked to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Breakdown or factionalization within the regime could trigger intense instability. In the regions largest states, rather than reductions in violence opening space for revitalized democracy, there has been democratic decay or stagnation. All of the active conflict zones remain potential areas of resurgence (for instance, the TTP has been trying to re-consolidate), but, compared to a decade ago, Pakistans security establishment has achieved a major shift in the balance of forces. In Bangladesh, regime repression of dissent and of opposition movements have been commonplace. WebMost South Asian nations are cognizant of these problems, but have failed as yet to develop effective policies. In all of these cases, anti-state violence is now below its twenty-first-century peak. (Clockwise starting from top left) Keystone/Getty Images, Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images, AFP/GettyImages, Eric Piper/Getty Images, How the World Works and Sometimes Doesnt, Return to WebThis paper attempts to explain the social and political issues confronting South Asia today. A chart showing the projected populations of India and China over the next several decades, with India's population surpassing China's before 2030. Children of South Asian immigrants may face challenges associated with the pressure of straddling two different worlds. South Asia is one of the poorest regions in the world: about one-third of the worlds poor live in this region with about 70 per cent living in rural areas and primarily HTMk1tFO(cIJc% Globally, research on social movements reveals relatively more insights from European and Latin American studies than that of the Global South, particularly from the south Asian countries. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. The Assam Rifles (AR), a specialized force in the Northeast, has grown much more modestly but still expanded. Government policies have also gone a long way toward improving health in the region. But all three have arrived in rapid succession over the past two years and are testing South Asias economies, said Martin Raiser, World Bank Vice President for South Asia. Pew Research Center intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society, fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, Click here to listen to Dont Call Me Resilient, Lecturer in Environmental Art - School of Art and Design. The peak of this conflicts violence, in 2010, was reached much later than in J&K and the Northeast but has since seen a drop to a consistent but lower level in recent years. Plunged into its worst-ever economic crisis, Sri Lankas real GDP is expected to fall by 9.2 percent this year and a further 4.2 percent in 2023. Bringing South Asians Into a Very White Space. To this day, money sent back home by these migrant workers accounts for as much as a third of some countries economies. Yet violence appears to have declined, with the caveat that security force operations are opaque. The governments of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistanthe three richest and most populous countries in the regionwill also transition their languages away from the Russian Cyrillic script to Englishs Latin alphabet by 2025. Pew Research Center WebGet Access SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. Titles, abstracts, full-text screening, and extraction of data More recently, Nepals lawmakers elected the countrys first woman presidentand the countrys second presidentBidhya Devi Bhandari, in 2015. Here are some of the problems, and some things you personally can do 0000033513 00000 n Chinese support for insurgents in the Northeast, meanwhile, dropped off dramatically in the 1970s and 1980s. The combined effects of COVID-19 and the record-high commodity prices due to the war in Ukraine took a heavier toll on Sri Lanka, exacerbating its debt woes and depleting foreign reserves. With over two hundred million people, neighboring Pakistan is the sixth-most populous country in the world. Tamil militancy had been a fact of life in Sri Lanka since the 1970s, with the LTTE coming to dominate the insurgency. In the face of these shocks, countries need to build stronger fiscal and monetary buffers, and reorient scarce resources towards strengthening resilience to protect their people.. Unlike other regions of the world, many of South Asias most powerful leaders have been and are women; however, a majority of these women come from political dynasties. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7c066082ba9642ea The countries of South Asia are incredibly diverse, so there are no simple takeaways from these trends. India and Pakistan continue to heavily garrison areas of insurgency, regardless of violence levels. 0000007388 00000 n Deaths from Diarrheal Diseases. The second is in Indias Northeast, the site of numerous revolts since the 1950s. -- Volume 23, Number 2, October 2008, Editorial Board 0000001364 00000 n Crucially, however, this resurgence of state coercive power remains contested: while a new era of powerful states untroubled by internal competitors may have begun, there are reasons to be cautious. It also helps adjust to shocks such as climate events to which South Asias rural poor are particularly vulnerable, said Hans Timmer, World Bank Chief Economist for South Asia. Several factors have worked to reduce insurgent violence against the Indian state. The reliability of data from this conflict environment is extremely limited: disappearances, dubious claims about the identity of the dead, extensive human rights abuses, and restricted media and NGO access have been characteristics of the last three decades. Inflation in South Asia, caused by elevated global food and energy prices and trade restrictions that worsened food insecurity in the region, is expected to rise to 9.2 percent this year before gradually subsiding. WebSouth Asia has some of the worst levels of human deprivation in the world. There has been a dramatic transformation of Pakistans security environment since the height of the TTPs power. Yet, in 2020, most of these conflicts are either finished or persist at much lower intensity. The main exception to this pattern is Afghanistan, where violence and full-scale civil war continue. Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. It rings true in south Asian countries where the society is rapidly changing with a complex set of State-society relationship. Politics in South Asia. This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the pandemic slump. 0000042665 00000 n ISSUES IN SOUTH ASIA - JSTOR Central Asian Society Drifts From Soviet Past, National Cultures Put on Display at Central Asian World Nomad Games, Central Asian Migration to Russia Brings Money, Social Problems. Familiar landmarks created by the cold war have not SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. The Communist Party of NepalMaoist (CPN-M) launched a revolutionary insurgency in 1996, seeking to overthrow the government and create a communist state in Nepal. The decrease in violence in Kashmir since 2003 is also striking. It emerges amid growing water crises in many regions, which have come to constitute a global crisis. The movements have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. Firstly, cutting the costs migrants face should be high on the policy agenda. The gap between promise and reality is widest in this region.
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