Repeat this test from 2 ft, 3 ft, and 1/2 ft. Do this test for each ball and record data. Aim The aim of this experiment is to investigate the efficiency of a bouncing ball, and the factors which affect its efficiency. This is because it is easiest as the figure read of the meter rule is the result. Yes, as elastic potential energy causes the ball to bounce off the ground and is converted into kinetic energy once the ball is in the air, causing it to move. If you did not observe anything different than what happened with your control, the variable you changed may not affect the system you are investigating. This therefore provides accurate and reliable results. As CR = h2/ h1it follows the gradient of the graph change in h2/ change in h1= CR. WebControlled Variables: Bouncy ball used, surface bounced off of, technique in which ball was dropped (initial height was measured from base of ball). The force that is received by the ball from the ground from the collision causes it to rebound, which converts the potential energy to kinetic energy. In this experiment the only variable that we modify is the type or flexibility of bounce surface and we keep all other variables unchanged. Find the infinite distance of travel. This produces a different amount of response in the system. Physics Ia on Bouncing Ball The first graph is a displacement vs time graph. WebRamp and ball, controlled study lab report. It is also known as a constant variable or simply as a "control." The moving ball gains kinetic energy when it bounces, and loses potential energy as it falls. What is the control variable in the bouncing ball experiment This causes the amplitude of the height to reduce over time and eventually come to a stop due to friction forces like air resistance, which are assumed to be zero in an ideal scenario. Possible sources of error include several types of measurement errors. Your assistant will record the bounce. Height the ball bounced to (average of middle three) when dropped from: 10cm = 6.7 6.7 = 66% of 10 (to the nearest percent), 20cm = 14.0 14.0 = 70% of 20 (to the nearest percent), 30cm = 22.3 22.3 = 74% of 30 (to the nearest percent). The higher h1, the faster the velocity that the ball reaches. Changes in the area of linoleum floor tile that the ball collided with may have affected the height to which it bounced to thus producing variation between results. A series of experiments is made up of separate experimental runs. During each run you make a measurement of how much the variable affected the system under study. A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results A decrease in m, assuming g and h1stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. Why or why not? The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to the initial relative speed between two objects after they collide. Advanced levels of experimental science rely heavily on graphical and mathematical analysis of data. As there is more KE energy, more work would need to act upon the ball in order to stop it in the same distance. Control Variable? Definition and Examples We use the conservation of energy. 7. This experiment might have been improved if we had developed a method for more accurately measuring the tennis balls bounce height. An elastic surface such as rubber and a very hard surface such as concrete will result the highest bounce level. ", " My husband and son came with me for the tour. This is impossible. As there is more KE, more energy is converted into elastic potential energy, As there is more elastic potential energy, more energy is converted back into KE energy. It was difficult to get down to the exact level of the blue tack seeing as it meant lowering your entire upper body in the short amount of time taken for the ball to hit the floor and rebound again to get your eye level from h, (where the blue tack was stuck, approximately). The Graph on page 23 shows that all of the results were very close together. From this I am able to determine that the experiment was very accurate. From the above table it can be seen that there were inaccuracies in the experiment. The format you use to write your bibliography may look like this: Are you ready for more advanced ball drop projects? WebControl variables, also known as controlled variables, are properties that researchers hold constant for all observations in an experiment. By the time it reaches the floor, the ball is traveling quickly and it hits the floor hard. The motion of the ball can be described using velocity, displacement, and acceleration graphs, or geometric sequences. So if we double the air pressure, we will get double bounce height. The distance in centimeters from bounce 1 to bounce 2. Controlled Variable A control variable is any factor that is controlled or held constant during an experiment. Drag is a squared function of velocity and therefore as the ball drops drag increases a greater amount each second. Dribbling a Basketball and Transfer of Energy | Science Project This is because it is the easiest and quickest variable to alter. Then when dropping the ball again eye level was kept level with the blue tack. WebWhat is a control? Read books, magazines or ask professionals who might know in order to find out the factors that affect the movements of a dropped ball. The reason for our error was that we thought that the tennis ball might be specially made to bounce to the same height. This help to greatly increase the accuracy of the experiment. However, they only stretch for an instant before atomic interaction forces them back into their original, tangled shape and the ball shoots upward. Is a bouncing ball an example of Newton's third law? If you did not observe a consistent, reproducible trend in your series of experimental runs there may be experimental errors affecting your results. That height fraction is equal to the fraction of energy that the ball successfully stored and returned during its bounce. h2= The distance between the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing and the ground. Changes in air pressure could have affected results as could changes in temperature however changes in these two factors would have been small; air pressure would not have changed enough to affect the results in the hour period in which the experiment was conducted, and although the rooms temperature may have increased by a degree or two, due to body heat, over the course of the period temperature was not a major factor that affected the height to which the ball bounced and would not have significantly affected the results. Parallax error will be avoided by dropping the ball one time that will not be measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Because of these forces, both the ball and floor deform inward. Have all your study materials in one place. This is considered raw data since it has not been processed or interpreted yet. The experiment was conducted well however as the utmost efforts were brought into place to avoid parallax error and it was ensured as far as possible that factors that affected how high the ball bounced, excluding the height, were kept constant throughout the experiment. All of the factors that could have affected the results that were uncontrollable could have produced variations between results. Why? These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height This is because the ball starts with more GPE. Method:The apparatus will be set up as shown: H is the height of the ball before it is dropped. If possible, have a scientist review the procedure with you. D) If I freeze a tennis ball, then it will not bounce as high. On a molecular level, the rubber is made from long chains of polymers. Bouncing Ball Lab - Warren County Public Schools These both support my prediction and show that my prediction was correct. A controlled variable is one which the researcher holds constant (controls) during an experiment. For a dropped ball, the total mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy. Please note that many online stores for science supplies are managed by MiniScience. " Also the mass of the ball affects the chances of the ball reaching its terminal velocity. For example this is a sample explanation. In reality, the ball experiences damping, where it loses potential energy and kinetic energy as it falls. This denting extracts energy from the balls motion and stores much of it in the elastic surfaces of the floor and ball. Belowis the graph of h1against h2. Therefore the coefficient to restitution = 0.7. However if two results are recorded that do not fit the trend of other results nor are close to results recorded for that height then the experiments accuracy would be brought into doubt. The Effect of Dropping a Bouncy Ball from Different Heights on WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different The purpose of this project is to find out what factors affect the bounce of a dropped ball. The acceleration due to gravity causes the ball to change direction and start moving downwards at stage 2. As gravity remains the same the amount of work acting on the ball remains the same (apart from slightly more air resistance due to the ball travelling faster and so hitting more air particles per second, but the effect of this is negligible) and the ball travels further before stopping. Experiment 2 is for testing the effect of air pressure. Also it shows inaccuracies in the experiment as it shows that heights were recorded that exceeded the height that the ball would have reached had it been dropped in a vacuum. The procedure allowed me to observe the affects of the height from which a table tennis ball was dropped from upon the height to which it bounced. where m is the mass of the moving object, and v is the velocity of the moving object. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (CR) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v22) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v12): If dropping a ball in a vacuum all you need to know in order to know how high the ball will bounce to is h1 and CR. If you get more than one value, calculate and record the average. While these variables are not the If you choose to study on the effect of air pressure inside the ball, your variables will be defined like this: Independent variable (also known as manipulated variable) is the balls air pressure. If the ball is elastic in nature, the ball will quickly return to its original form and spring up from the floor. Research questions pose a question about the A control is a neutral reference point for comparison that allows you to see what changing a variable does by comparing it to not changing anything. Several balls, medium-sized super balls, hollow rubber balls, solid rubber balls, tennis balls, golf balls, baseballs, and whatever other types of balls are available. will be from the bottom of the ball as it hits the floor to the bottom of the ball at the top of its arc after bouncing. As elasticity and hardness decreases, part of the ball energy will be used to permanently dent or misplace or vibrate the surface, so ball will have less energy to bounce. At 2ft, the basketball bounced 15 inches, the tennis ball bounced 12 inches, and the golf. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. These inaccuracies could have been caused by external factors or parallax error even though efforts were made to avoid parallax error occurring - by dropping the ball one time that was not measured and placing a blob of blue tack onto the meter rule at the approximate height it bounced to. Also its Gravitational Potential energy is decreasing because its height is decreasing. Sign up to highlight and take notes. The drag force increases as the ball goes faster. To do that use the scroll button to start, then use arrow keys to move your wave 0.1 second left or right. Either the coefficient to restitution that was worked out is incorrect, which would mean that the first three results are inaccurate or subsequent results were inaccurate. For example, we could have used a ruler on the top to help us read how high up the tennis ball bounced, and we could have made sure the partner taking measurements did so from a consistent height. What type of motion does a bouncing ball experience? For example a regulation tennis ball is dropped from about 1 meter. The first stage is where the ball bounces from the surface of the ground. \(E_{pot} = E_{kin} \cdot m \cdot g \cdot h = \frac{1}{2} \cdot m \cdot v^2\). The ball pushes on the floor and the floor pushes back on the ball, causing it to rebound. Independent: - Type of surface the tennis ball is dropped on. If the elastic potential energy is the same then the same amount of energy is converted back into KE and so the balls leave the floor at the same speed. The relative height of the bounce should be h/h = CoR2 = 0.72 = 0.49. Using the trends in your experimental data and your experimental observations, try to answer your original questions. Adapted from Plangenhoef, Patterns of Human Motion. The variation between results was obtained by taking the minimum result away from the maximum result. A totally accurate experiment would have a variation between results equal to zero however an experiment that is totally accurate needs to be conducted under conditions where air pressure and temperature remained constant, error produced by the ball falling on different parts of the linoleum floor tile (which was not totally even and thus produces inaccurate results) and human error removed by dropping the ball onto a uniform surface and using machinery to record the height to which the ball bounced to. Another experiment would be necessary to determine this for certain. The more particles per cubic meter, the more drag acting upon the ball. What type of ball bounces the highest Therefore any change to the height from which the ball starts with affects the height to which it bounces to. will start at 2m and then move down in intervals of 10cm to 10cm. A series of experiments that includes a control is called a controlled experiment.. Charged Particle in Uniform Electric Field, Electric Field Between Two Parallel Plates, Magnetic Field of a Current-Carrying Wire, Mechanical Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion, Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment, Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena, Centripetal Acceleration and Centripetal Force, Total Internal Reflection in Optical Fibre. If you are new in doing science project, click on How to Start in the main page. stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, The surface onto which the ball is dropped will affect the height to which the ball bounces because for any two objects that collide, the properties of both determine the percentage of the kinetic energy either possesses approaching the collision that is conserved subsequent to the collision taking place (Coefficient to restitution) discounting the effects of air resistance. A ball falls from a height of 6 metres. What is the force that causes a ball to bounce? D (60%) At that instant, how does the ball know how high it should bounce? In this experiment you will test the bounce of a dropped ball for different surface hardness. 1. Air resistance exists but does not affect the velocity of the ball significantly. Stop procrastinating with our smart planner features. Hence the formula for the sum of the infinite number of terms can be rewritten as seen here. Hence the final answer is: \(\text{Total distance} = 2 \cdot S_n = 2 \cdot 9.6 m= 19.2m\). As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s2it is constantly getting faster and therefore the drag force gets bigger and bigger. Therefore any change to the weight of the ball will affect the energy the ball has initially, which, as previously stated, affects the height to which the ball bounces. The ball is not performing a simple harmonic motion, as the acceleration is not proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position. Use the same point on the ball (top) or (bottom) when judging both the height of the drop and the height of the bounce. Five repeats were done as it was deemed that an average of the middle three was reasonably accurate. Therefore the ball goes higher. 1. Is a bouncing ball an example of simple harmonic motion? Choose one of the variables you listed in #4, and design an experiment to test it. The second stage is the point at which the ball decelerates, changes direction once it has reached the peak point, and starts falling to the ground. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the Ask Question button on the top of this page to send me a message. The decision for the size of interval and the amount of results collected will depend upon the time taken to conduct the experiment and any other factors that may become apparent during the preliminary experiment. Our lab group was able to determine the relationship between drop height and bounce height. List three. This would allow the actual coefficient to restitution to be calculated. At the terminal speed, the drag force = the gravitational force. Variables are 8. Bouncing Ball Experiment Our simple experiment is to drop a ping pong ball weighed at 3 grams from a height of 1 metre then 90cm, 80cm, 70cm, experiment The results of the experiment were obtained with a method that ensured that every drop was under similar conditions which ensured a fair test. If you are using windows sound recorder program, you can view the recorded waves with an accuracy of 0.01 second. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this DMCA report form. Course of Theoretical Physics : Mechanics (Course of Theoretical Physics), Engineering Mechanics Dynamics (11th Edition). When the ball rebounds, its stored energy reappears and it leaps higher into the air than it would have had you dropped it a shorter distance. Aim:To find out what affects the height to which a ball bounces. When the ball was dropped from the higher heights the ball began to show signs of reaching its terminal velocity before it reaches the ground. Once the ball hits the ground, its displacement is momentarily zero. These conclusions help us confirm or deny our original hypothesis. As the ball falls through the air, the Law of Conservation of Energy is in effect and states that energy is neither gained nor lost, only transferred from one form to another. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. Kinetic energy means energy associated with motion. This means it will be travelling the same speed when it hits the ground. A decrease in h1, assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h1which results in a decrease in GPE. They can be the hardest part of a project. Its a good idea to bounce it on a level surface, and dont release from too great a height, or while bouncing, the ball will wander away from the sound recorder range. Your bibliography must contain sources that are available to you (at your school or local library). The higher the height from which the ball was dropped from, the higher the height to which it bounced. Since v2 = 2gh, the CoR = v/v = sqrt(h/h) where h is the height of the bounce and h is the height from which the ball is dropped. These two results were excluded when averages were being calculated and therefore the average variation between results used for calculating the average was even less than 3cm. You measure this response, or record data, in a table for this purpose. Additional list of material can be extracted from the experiment section. For this reason, its also known as a controlled variable or a constant variable. Dependent Variable: The height of the bounce. This calculation is shown in the data analysis section above. The ball rebounds to 38 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. Measure the height the ball reaches after the first bounce and record. The Particular experiment is about : How does the drop height of a ball affects the bounce height of the ball. It therefore hits more air particles each second and so the force of drag is bigger the faster the ball goes. Make a step-by-step list of what you will do to answer each question. ball bounced 6 inches. You are now ready to enter your data on a spread sheet and get to work. The controlled variables in this experiment are the surface the ball is rolling on, the material the ball is made of, the size of the ball, the measuring devices being used, the distance the ball travels, and the method being used to release the ball each time, for example the position of the hand. Then when dropping the ball again eye level will be kept level with the blue tack thus avoiding parallax errors. Materials:-Carbon Paper-Goggles-Golf The balls are shown at rest, about to bounce back up. Summary of task. A real-life bouncing ball example would experience an oscillatory motion which would gradually lose energy, causing the height of the bounce to reduce over time until eventually, the ball came to a stop. A) Find the total distance of travel until the ball hits the ground for the 5th time. \(v^2 = 2 \cdot g \cdot hv = \sqrt{2 \cdot 9.81 \frac{m}{s^2} \cdot 3 m} = 7.67 \frac{m}{s}\). This did not happen in my experiment however. Variables - The Tennis ball experiment This is repeated three times at 5 different heights. Balls Bouncing Off of Surfaces The positive and negative directions must be stated in each example. ThatQuiz Keep track of where you got your information from. So an imperfect ball loses some energy on each bounce. Maybe you are reading a scale incorrectly, or maybe the measuring instrument is working erratically. Set individual study goals and earn points reaching them. The weight and material of the ball will be kept the same throughout the experiment by using the same ball. The longer it takes to stop, the higher it bounces to. For the lowest three points air resistance is approximately equal to zero due to the ball having a low velocity, as it was dropped from a low height, and therefore hits less air particles per second than a ball traveling at a faster speed. For a falling object the Coefficient to restitution (C, ) is equal to the velocity squared as the object is travelling at as it leaves the floor (v, ) divided by the velocity squared as it hits the floor (v, If a ball is dropped in a vacuum. Hold the ball at 6 feet height and release it. WebVariables: Height from which the ball is dropped Mass of the ball Material ball is made from External factors, i.e. If you change more than one at a time, you will not know what variable is causing your observation. This slope tells us how bouncy the ball is. You will next need to record your bounces and their respective times. It depends only on the elasticity of the ball itselfa super ball returns a large fraction while a beanbag returns a tiny fraction. The example of the bouncing ball is used to study projectile motion in mechanics. The balls leave the floor at the same speed with the same amount of KE and so both balls reach the same height and end up with the same amount of GPE at the top of their bounces. The maximum height will have to be less than two meters as that is the maximum height that the equipment allows. In a real-life scenario, the ball will eventually stop moving due to external forces such as air friction. Repeat your tests for each different type of bouncing surface and record the results in a table like this: Experiments are often done in series. This is impossible. Once the drag force equals the gravitational force all forces are equal and acceleration stops. As it falls, the ball converts energy stored in the force of gravitygravitational potential energyinto energy of motionkinetic energy. Is a bouncing ball a simple harmonic motion? Control Variable: Simple Definition - Statistics How To The coefficient of restitution is the ratio of the final to initial speed between two bodies after the collision. The total energy of the system remains the same; the potential energy changes to kinetic energy, but no energy is lost. A ball falls from 8 metres and rebounds to 52 percent of its previous height. Dependent Variable: The Bounce (How height is the ball going to Bounce) because of the Controlled variables are air temperature, air flow, air pressure where you perform your tests. WebA bouncing ball in an ideal scenario will continue this oscillatory motion. Design an experiment to test each hypothesis. In the bouncing ball example, external forces such as air resistance are assumed to be zero. Being precise as the we drop the ball from a very big height the ball will bounce back at a very big height by Newton's It is always important for students, parents and teachers to know a good source for science related equipment and supplies they need for their science activities. WebThis experiment,is an investigation into the maximum height of the bounce of a ping pong ball when it is first released.This is because of the unpredictability of the bounce not always reaching the same height.This we can assume their are many factors effecting the bounce of the ping pong ball.The following experiment will determine how different Therefore the ball ends up with more GPE, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in an increase in m g h, , assuming g and m stay constant, results in a decrease in m g h, As the ball is accelerating due to gravity, at 9.81m/s. The following is a college level project, but some grade 9 to 12 students can also complete this with no problem. This would allow one to find the terminal velocity of the ball. If you have any questions or need more support about this project, click on the , If you are new in doing science project, click on . \(Area = \frac{1}{2} \cdot base \cdot length\), \(Area = 0.5 m \cdot 50 m \cdot 50 m = 1250 m^3\). Therefore the height that it reaches is less high. Air density will not change enough to affect the flight of the ball seeing as all the results will be collected during a brief period on one day. The ball rebounds to 72 percent of its previous height and continues to fall. However the conditions were kept the same for each drop of the ball. Drop a ball from 1 foot off of the floor, slightly in front of a yardstick. When you think you know what variables may be involved, think about ways to change one at a time. Because the ball is softer than the floor, it does most of the denting and stores most of the energy. Such variations in the bounce of a dropped ball rise questions that demand some research and investigation. It is a separate experiment, done exactly like the others. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. When dropped on a solid surface, not even a super ball bounces back as high as its initial height, but some balls do bounce a lot better than others. Reverse Engineering: Ball Bounce Experiment This project guide contains information that you need in order to start your project. From this it can be seen that using the average of the middle three results is more accurate than using the average of all five, as it automatically discounts most anomalies. it seems the ball is experiencing an oscillatory motion. There you will find helpful links that describe different types of science projects, scientific method, variables, hypothesis, graph, abstract and all other general basics that you need to know.